哺乳期放养云岭山羊羔羊生长曲线拟合分析

[目的]探讨放养云岭山羊羔羊在哺乳期的生长发育规律。[方法]选取待产母羊24只,共产羔36只（公羔17只,母羔19只）,测定0~8周龄羔羊的体重（每周测定1次）和体尺（隔1周测定）。采用Logistic、Gompertz和Von Bertalanffy 3种非线性模型对0~8周龄公羔、母羔的体重进行生长曲线拟合,并对初生体重以及试验末体重进行相关性分析。[结果]采用的3种非线性模型均能够很好地拟合哺乳期云岭山羊羔羊生长曲线,拟合度均大于0.99。Gompertz和Von Bertalanffy模型拟合效果较优,公羔的生长发育曲线拐点时间分别为3.212周和2.862周,拐点体重分别为5.691、5.352 kg;母羔拐点时间分别为1.927周和1.325周,拐点体重分别为4.532、3.960 kg;公、母羔之间拐点周龄和拐点体重存在差异,公羔平均在3.037周龄体重增长速度达到最大,而母羔平均在1.626周龄体重增长速度达到最大。初生重对羔羊试验末体重有极显著（P<0.01）影响。[结论]该研究结果可为今后对哺乳期放养云岭山羊羔羊进行合理补饲提供依据。     

纤维素复合酶对羔羊消化道组织结构的影响

为了探明纤维素复合酶提高羔羊饲料消化率的消化道组织学基础,选择刚出生且体重相近的波尔山羊公羔30只(20日龄开始自由采食优质苜蓿干草, 80日龄断奶)分为对照组和试验组(添加0.2%酶制剂),分别在2、3和4月龄每组各选体重相近的3只羔羊屠宰.结果表明,瘤胃乳头长度、宽度和单位面积瘤胃乳头表面积随月龄增加而增加,而单位面积乳头数随着月龄的增加而减少(P ＜ 0.01).酶制剂提高3、4月龄羔羊瘤胃乳头长度(P ＜ 0.01)、宽度(P ＞ 0.05)和单位面积瘤胃乳头表面积(P ＜ 0.01),减少单位面积乳头数(P ＜ 0.01).显著提高3月龄十二指肠肠绒毛的长度(P ＜ 0.05).在3、4月龄,酶制剂有增加小肠隐窝深度和黏膜厚度的趋势,但未达到显著水平(P ＞ 0.05).     

Effect of bovine colostrum intake on growth,reproductive parameters and survival in red kids

The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of frozen Azawak colostrum supplementation on body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG), reproductive parameters (mean age at first parturition, fertility, fecundity, prolificacy) and mortality rate among red kids. The study was conducted at the goat farm secondary centre of Maradi in Niger from September 2010 to September 2011. The control animals (n = 20) were left with their mother, while the treatment animals (n = 20) received in addition 50 ml/animal/day of bovine colostrum at birth and 15 ml/animal/day from d2 to d15. Weight was measured weekly from birth to d365. Mortalities were also recorded over the same period. For reproductive parameters, observations began at weaning (d197). Growth rate was higher (p < 0.001) in supplemented animal, and the treatment effects on ADG were observed up to 150 day after the end of supplementation. A similar long‐lasting trend was also observed in relation to the mortality rate (25% for ColG vs. 55% for ConG; p = 0.05). The age at first kidding tended to be lower in the treated group (13.8 ± 0.7 vs. 14.1 ± 0.8 month; p < 0.1). In conclusion, mild bovine colostrum supplementation induces a long‐lasting positive impact on growth rate and to a lower extent on reproduction parameters and survival rate.     

我国果葡糖浆的生产应用现状及发展趋势

果葡糖浆在国外发展迅速并广泛地应用于各种食品生产中,但国内的生产和消费却徘徊不前.介绍了国内果葡糖浆的生产应用现况,分析了国内果葡糖浆发展缓慢的原因,展望了发展趋势.     

适宜干燥方法提高干制枸杞品质

为缩短鲜枸杞的干制时间,获得高品质的干制枸杞,该文通过比较自然晾晒、燃煤烘干房以及太阳能干燥设备对枸杞的干燥效率的差异以及测定并分析3种干燥方式获得干果的主要功能性成分（总糖、总黄酮、多糖、甜菜碱,类胡萝卜素）含量及外观品质和出糖率的差异。试验结果表明,采用太阳能干燥设备干燥枸杞的时间最少约为26 h,功能性成分总质量分数约71.71 g/(100 g),与其他2种干燥方式相比功能性成分损失降低,干枸杞色泽更接近鲜枸杞的色泽,出糖率约为1.53%,低于其他2种干燥方式。太阳能干燥设备对于枸杞干燥具有显著的优势,应用前景广阔。     

酶促水解蔗糖生产果葡糖浆新工艺

以黑赤曲霉（Asp.niger－W1）为出发菌，经紫外诱变、亚硝基胍处理获得—蔗糖酶高产菌（Asp．niger－W3）。经固态发酵培养获得高活力蔗糖酶。该酶在50－55℃有较高活力，在pH5．5－6．0范围内有较高稳定性。该菌种选育成功，可为果葡糖浆生产提供了一种简易制备方法。     

羔羊摆腰病心电图分析

对摆腰病羔羊心电图研究发现，主要改变为窦性心动过速、窦性心律不齐、Ａ－Ｂ导联ＱＳ波或Ｓ波加深，或显著加深。严重病例可见房颤伴室率频速（１５０～２００次／分）及双肢对称性冠状Ｔ波。心电图评定铜、硒制剂单独或联合应用的治疗反应，病羔多项指标均有改善。其中Ｃｕ剂组和Ｃｕ－Ｓｅ－Ｅ组疗效优于Ｓｅ－Ｅ组。     

玫瑰露抑菌效果研究

研究了玫瑰露对4种细菌(沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和苏云金杆菌)、3种霉菌(木霉、青霉、黑曲霉)以及2种酵母菌(啤酒酵母、葡萄酒酵母)的抑菌活性和最低抑菌浓度(MIC),采用滤纸片法测定抑菌圈、液体培养法测定最低抑菌浓度。结果表明,玫瑰露对供试细菌,不论是G+菌还是G-菌,都有较强的抑菌活性,而对霉菌、酵母菌的抑菌活性不明显;对细菌的抑菌效果以沙门氏菌最强,MIC为0.98 mL/L。说明玫瑰露既可以加入到食品中作为香料,同时可配合其他天然香料使用,组成复配防腐剂。     

Analysis of weaning‐induced stress in Saanen goat kids

In young ruminants’ life, weaning often coincides with a period of growth stasis and poor welfare. The present study aimed at evaluating the effect of coping with the new diet on behavioural and haematological stress indicators in goat kids subjected to a commonly adopted weaning practice. Immediately after birth, male Saanen goat kids were divided into two groups: MILK and WMIX. All were fed colostrum for the first 3 days and then goat milk to the age of 29 days. After that, MILK kids continued to receive milk, while the WMIX kids underwent weaning and were completely weaned by day 48. Animal behaviour was recorded daily. From day 23–50, blood samples were taken weekly and analysed for indicators of stress and immune function. No abnormal behaviour, such as injurious behaviours or stereotypies, was observed in either of the experimental groups throughout the experimental period. During the last week, fasting plasma cortisol level was significantly lower, whereas plasma activity of both alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was significantly higher in WMIX kids, in relation to the MILK ones. Anyway, data were within the normal physiological range and no difference was observed neither in plasma haptoglobin, ceruloplasmin, albumin and antithrombin III, nor in plasma immunoglobulin A and G, at any time, signalling no stressful condition. Therefore, differences observed in cortisol, ALT and AST could be the consequence of the metabolic changes that occur during the transition from pre‐ruminant to ruminant state. The gradual weaning at 48 days of age did not result in any stressful condition and had no negative effect on weight gain. Results suggest that parameters commonly adopted to provide information on animal stress, such as cortisol and aminotransferase activity, can vary in relation to the physiological status of the animals and may bias stress assessment.     

大米糖浆替代乳糖对早期断奶仔猪生长性能及胰岛素样生长因子轴的影响

本文旨在研究大米糖浆取代乳糖后对早期断奶仔猪生产性能及胰岛素样生长因子轴的影响.选用7 d断奶的二元杂交仔猪(长白×大白)32头,随机分为2个处理组,每组设16个重复,每个重复1只.日粮成分除乳糖水平外(乳糖组和大米糖浆组分别为43.5%和0),其他成分均一致.试验期14 d,在试验第7天、第14天和第21天对试验猪进行空腹8 h称重,计算试验期日增重及日耗料,并分别于试验第7天和第14天每组随机抽取5头,颈静脉采血,屠宰速取肝脏和背最长肌组织.结果表明,大米糖浆取代乳糖后对仔猪的日增重及肉料比均没有显著影响(P>0.05),14 d大米糖浆组血清GH水平与乳糖组差异不显著(P>0.05),21 d大米糖浆组血清GH水平极显著低于乳糖组(P<0.01);但大米糖浆组14 d和21 d血清IGF-Ⅰ的水平,及肝脏和背最长肌IGF-Ⅰ mRNA相对表达量与乳糖组差异均不显著(P>0.05).综合分析认为,大米糖浆替代乳糖后对早期断奶仔猪的生长性能和胰岛素样生长因子轴没有影响.