Performance Analysis of Anti-CW Interference in MC-CDMA Systems

The multicarrier-code division multiple access (MC-CDMA),which is the combination of direct sequence CDMA (DS-CDMA) and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) techniques, offers various advantages over single-carrier CDMA system. Some of the advantages are that MC-CDMA systems possess can remove the intersymbol interference (ISI) and enhance narrow-band interference suppression capabilities. So the MC-CDMA technique becomes a focus in the field of mobile communication. The authors introduce the typical MC-CDMA system model, discuss the decision statisticalvariable in Rayleigh fading channel included the CW interference, and give the expressions of probability of error in uplink. An approach is proposed with Modified Equal Gain Combining (MEGC) to decrease the effect of CW interference. Theoretical analysis and numerical results show that the anti-CW interference performance of MC-CDMA system can be improved used the MEGC approach.     

A floating threshold quantization algorithm to suppressmixing interferences in partial discharge

Due to the obvious difference of energy distribution frequencies from partial discharge (PD) signal and its mixing interferences (white noise and narrow brand), we uses the characteristic that node decomposition coefficients of wavelet packet transform can effectively show the energy change of signals to build up a floating threshold quantization algorithm (FTQA) varying with the noise energy of PD decomposition coefficients. It makes the node thresholds under the optimal base various with the noise strength in decomposition coefficients to self adaptively reality the choice of optimal threshold to finely partition PD decomposition coefficients. For simulated and real PD signals with mixing interferences, the conditional global threshold quantization algorithm (GTQA) and the proposed floating threshold quantization algorithm are employed to suppress the mixing interferences in PD signals and compared, and the results show that the proposed algorithm has the stronger suppression ability to mixing interference on PD signal and keeps perfect PD waveform via suppression.     

人为干扰对黄山高海拔木本植被生长的影响

对黄山高海拔景区黄山松、黄山杜鹃等8种代表性木本植被,以正向、逆向人为干扰情况下的相对生长量作为统计指标,建立和遴选了8个树种回归模型,模拟预测各树种在正向、逆向人为干扰时的受损过程和恢复过程。结果表明,四照花、三桠乌药、灯笼树3种树种耐逆向人为干扰能力较强,第5年时仍能保持至原生生长状态的51.71%～63.78%,正向人为干扰下恢复进程快,可恢复至原生生长状态的92.96%～100%。白檀、水榆花楸、六道木3种树种耐逆向人为干扰能力中等(42.92%～49.71%),但恢复能力却很强(96.56%～99.67%);黄山松、黄山杜鹃耐逆向人为干扰能力弱(38.89%～43.05%),恢复也很缓慢。     

Determination of total organic‐C in soils by an improved chromic acid digestion and spectrophotometric procedure

Abstract

An improvement to the Walkley‐Black wet digestion method for the rapid determination of organic carbon over the range 0.2–5.5% in air‐dry soil is described. It permits total recovery of the organic‐C in finely ground soil samples digested with the heat of dilution from mixing N K₂ Cr₂ O₇ with concentrated H₂SO₄. in test tubes followed by external heating from a hot‐plate digestor. The organic‐C concentrations are determined directly, as the Cr product in diluted soil digests, by absorptiometry at 600 nm with calibration against similarly treated sucrose standards in solution. For the soils tested, there were negligible interferences from carbonates, wood charcoal, coke, Fe⁺² and readily reducible Mn; Cl does not interfere with the organic‐C assay in non‐saline soils but for saline soils a correction based on 1/12 Cl^‐ assay of the soil is necessary. The present method is compared with Tabatabai and Bremner's dry combustion procedure and Allison's manometric adaptation for calcareous soils. The procedure described here does not require carbonate to be determined and is therefore simpler. In addition it is cheaper, faster and more effective in controlling interferences than dry combustion procedures.     

Fast abiotic sorption of selenates (SeO42-) in soils: pitfalls of batch sorption data acquired by inductively coupled plasma quadrupole mass spectrometry (ICP-QMS)

Low selenium (Se) dietary intake has encouraged the development of fortification strategies such as SeO₄^2- application to arable land. Selenate is highly mobile in soil systems, but it is not known whether fast abiotic retention could reduce Se loss from topsoil after SeO₄^2- fertilisation. This work explicitly aims at fast abiotic SeO₄^2- sorption in three soils exposed to 20–1250 µg L^?1 Se in a 24-h batch experiment. This study demonstrated the susceptibility of Se sorption data to distortion when inductively coupled plasma quadrupole mass spectrometry (ICP-QMS) measurements suffered from non-spectral interferences induced by concomitant elements in an aqueous soil-derived matrix. The distribution coefficient (K_d), not exceeding 2 L kg^?1 at any Se level, was shown to be a useful indicator for the extent of ion competition for sorption sites depending on the SeO₄^2- concentration employed. Sorption experiments conducted in the presence or absence of nitrate (10 mM), sulphate (0.52 mM) and phosphate (0.21 mM) allowed three phenomena explaining different SeO₄^2- retention behaviours found even between similar Cambisols to be proposed. Finally, we showed that the co-application of sulphate or phosphate with SeO₄^2- might decrease Se sorption from 150–170 µg kg^?1 to a net release from native Se pool.

Abbreviations: 1^st IP: first ionisation potential; RSD: relative standard deviation     

黄河三角洲不同人工干扰下的湿地群落种类组成及其成因

在黄河三角洲湿地试验区内,选择了人工干扰程度不同的4个区,并在每个区样地中设置样方,测量植被的多样性,调查植被的种类、盖度等,拟比较不同程度人工干扰下植被的群落组成结构,寻求黄河三角洲不同人工干扰下的湿地群落组成及成因,结果表明:由于人工的干预,特别是在部分地区黄河水的人工调入,改变了植物群落的自然格局.人工干扰对土壤含盐量和含水量的改变,是影响植被种群格局的关键因素.同时指出,黄河三角洲的开发正在进入一个新的时期的背景下,发展林业十分必要.     

微机软件对时序控制中的抗干扰措施

本文主要叙述利用微机中自有的软硬件资源,在主程序中设置一个等待中断服务的循环圈。克服信号通道的干扰问题。