Towards an integrative biology research: a case study on adaptive and evolutionary trends of Miscanthus populations in Taiwan

A program of research named Towards an Integrative Biology (TAIB) has recently been promoted by the International Union of Biological Sciences, involving multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary research. Studies of Miscanthus plants which emphasized the TAIB theme were undertaken. Miscanthus species are the most widely distributed and dominant species in Taiwan, growing everywhere from the coastal to mountainous areas, and from agricultural to polluted land. Particularly, the grasses grow well in habitats under environmental stresses. Physiological and genetic adaptations are fundamental mechanisms for these grasses' survival in stressful environments. Findings based on field measurements and laboratory analyses were able to elucidate some of the mechanisms of grasses adapted to stressful environments. Adaptive radiation occurred when most niches were open during the postglacial periods. Particularly, population discontinuity of the grasses was found on the Orchid and Green islets of Taiwan. Likewise, Miscanthus sinensis var. glaber and var. formosanus occupied lands from low to middle elevations of Taiwan, while Miscanthus transmorrisonensis appeared in the highlands above 2400 m. Phylogenetically, Miscanthus has evolved into various ecotypes, varieties and species in Taiwan as well as in other parts of Asia. The grass then evolved into Miscanthus floridulus , M. sinensis var. formosanus , Miscanthus flavidus , then to M. transmorrisonensis . Furthermore, the phylogeny of the Miscanthus sinensis complex of Taiwan was reconstructed by cladistic analysis on nucleotide sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacers (nrDNA ITS) region and atpB - rbc L non-coding spacer of the chloroplast DNA. Rooted at M . floridulus the monophyly of M . sineneis was significantly supported by molecular evidence. The origin of this complex could be dated to the last glacial withdrawal about 20 000 years ago.     

城乡一体化建设中存在的认识误区与对策

就城乡一体化建设中存在的6个认识误区提出了对策与建议。     

麦克哈格的整体性规划思想研究——以伍德兰兹社区生态规划项目为例

以经典案例——伍德兰兹社区生态规划思路为例,探讨麦克哈格(Ian McHarg)的整体性设计思想。研究以规划文本中的“生态清单”作为研究对象,凝练麦克哈格的整体性思想,并结合其提出的规划设计框架,总结出适用于当今风景园林规划设计的场地生态因子及其对应指标的整体性框架,揭示了麦克哈格的规划设计智慧——在规划设计中需要从整体性思想的角度考虑场地的全要素,其中包括生态因子之间与设计要素之间的互动耦合关系,才能得出与真实世界中的复杂性问题相匹配的规划设计方案。     

土壤重金属污染评价方法研究——以广州市为例

目前土壤环境质量评价方法按照评价对象可归纳为单因子指数法和综合评价法两类若干种。以广州市208个土壤样品8种重金属为研究对象,创新性地采用分级统计、相关性分析、评价等级差值分析、综合排序分析等方法对目前主要的土壤环境质量评价方法进行定性和定量研究,旨在推荐最适合的土壤环境质量评价方法。结果表明:从评价结果的分级程度看,单因子指数法中富集指数法最优,综合评价法中内梅罗指数法和模糊数学法最优;相关性分析结果表明,物元分析法与其他4种综合评价法的平均相关性系数为0.477,大于其他综合评价法的平均相关性系数,按照评价结果一致性原则,物元分析法最优;评价等级差值分析表明,模糊数学法与其他4种综合评价法评价等级的平均差值最小,为0.71,按照评价等级接近的原则,模糊数学法最优;通过综合排序比较各综合评价法的排序得出,模糊数学法平均排名最优,其次为物元分析法、内梅罗指数法、灰色聚类法、潜在生态危害指数法。综上所述,富集指数法和模糊数学法是两种首选方法,在土壤重金属污染评价中可以组合使用。     

短肢剪力墙结构的自由振动特性分析

采用连续化方法导出了短肢剪力墙结构在任意高度侧向集中荷载的作用下的侧移曲线方程，由此得到该结构的抗侧移柔度系数，进而得出结构的抗侧移刚度矩阵。应用抗侧移刚度矩阵对各种整体性系数和肢强系数的短肢剪力墙结构进行了动力特性分析，研究其对结构动力特性的影响。结果表明，当肢强系数不变时，随整体性系数的增加，短肢剪力墙的前两阶振型的振动周期显著减小，而其他高阶振型的振动周期变化很小；当整体性系数不变时，短肢剪力墙的前两阶振型的振动周期随肢强系数的增加显著减小，而其他高阶振型的振动周期变化不大。     

昭平镇抛栽稻纹枯病严重发生的原因及防治

为了摸清昭平镇近年抛栽稻纹枯病严重发生的原因,从纹枯病的菌源量、水稻的栽培管理水平、稻飞虱的发生程度、气候条件、防治措施等5方面进行调查和分析,结果表明,稻纹枯病造成的稻谷损失为各种病虫害之首,必须引起足够的重视。采取减少菌源,加强水肥管理,适时使用药剂防治等5个相应的综合防治对策,效果显著。     

面向河流健康的鳌江综合整治研究

河流健康问题引起广泛重视,依据健康河流的要求实施综合整治,具有重要实践意义。分析了河流健康理念对河流综合整治的启示,从水质、水文与水生态三个方面,探讨了鳌江生态退化的驱动机制,并从流域及河流廊道两个尺度提出了鳌江综合整治对策与方案。     

三峡库区农村沼气综合利用途径与思考

三峡库区资源丰富,但库区农村存在资源利用不合理、能源紧缺的情况.库区的气候及资源是发展沼气的有利条件.沼气是一项投资少,见效快,一次投资长期受益的好项目;是能够解决库区农村燃料短缺,提高用能品质,促进农民增收节支的有效途径,并且是保护生态改善农村生活环境,促进库区农村生态经济可持续发展的有效举措.