钢筋混凝土结构锈蚀损伤定位

对钢筋混凝土结构锈蚀损伤定位进行了研究,以频率变化平方比作为锈蚀损伤参数,从理论上证明该参数是锈蚀损伤位置的函数。锈蚀钢筋混凝土结构试验结果表明预测的损伤位置和实际的损伤位置较一致,模态参数用于检测混凝土结构构件中的损伤,为大型结构的鉴定和评估提供了新的途径。     

熵产生原理和耗散结构

本文讨论了熵产生原理和耗散结构理论的基本概念和有关问题,以及上述理论在生物学中的应用。     

西狭文化旅游形象三重结构整合

西狭文化旅游资源是甘肃成县旅游开发的优势资源。由于对西狭文化理解上的不全面 ,导致西狭文化旅游区的建设存在一系列偏差 ,旅游形象不突出。文章提出了西狭文化旅游形象的三重结构整合的思路 ,即文化结构整合、空间结构整合与景观结构整合 ;并且认为 :文化结构整合是西狭文化旅游形象三重结构整合的前提、基础 ;空间结构整合是由文化结构整合向景观结构整合的过渡 ,而景观结构整合是西狭文化旅游形象三重结构整合的关键。     

2018年春季和夏季莱州湾营养盐结构及限制特征

根据2018年5、8月莱州湾的生态调查资料,采用营养盐限制法则及潜在性富营养化评价模式等方法,对莱州湾无机氮(DIN)、活性磷酸盐(PO34–-P)和硅酸盐(SiO23–-Si)的平面分布、结构及限制特征进行了分析。结果显示,2018年5、8月莱州湾的DIN浓度范围为1.64~106.36 μmol/L,平均值为24.18 μmol/L,5月明显高于8月;PO34–-P浓度范围为0~2.010 μmol/L,平均值为0.182 μmol/L,8月明显高于5月;SiO23–-Si浓度变化范围为0.97~78.93 μmol/L,平均值为18.30 μmol/L,8月明显高于5月。DIN、PO34–-P、N/P高值区主要位于莱州湾西部的小清河口和黄河口附近海域;SiO23–-Si、Si/N、Si/P高值区主要位于湾底部、龙口–莱州近岸海域。对营养盐结构的分析表明,莱州湾存在明显的磷限制和枯水期的硅限制,陆源输入是莱州湾营养盐的主要来源。营养盐结构限制平面分布表明,春季莱州-招远养殖区和夏季东营-潍坊养殖区易引发赤潮,夏季莱州–招远养殖区初级生产力受到一定限制,对养殖业造成一定的影响。     

Sulfur-Containing Metabolites from Marine and Terrestrial Fungal Sources: Origin,Structures, and Bioactivities

Organosulfur natural products (NPs) refer to the different kinds of small molecular-containing sulfur (S) elements. Sulfur-containing NPs tightly link to the biochemical processes and play an important role in the pharmaceutical industry. The majority of S-containing NPs are generally isolated from Alliaceae plants or bacteria, and those from fungi are still relatively rare. In recent years, an increasing number of S-containing metabolites have been discovered in marine and terrestrial fungi, but there is no comprehensive and targeted review to summarize the studies. In order to make it more straightforward to better grasp the fungal-derived S-containing NPs and understand the particularity of marine S-containing NPs compared to those from terrestrial fungi, we summarized the chemical structures and biological activities of 89 new fungal-derived S-containing metabolites from 1929 when the penicillin was discovered to the present in this current review. The structural and bioactive diversity of these S-containing metabolites were concluded in detail, and the preliminary mechanism for C-S bond formation in fungi was also discussed briefly.     

长白山次生白桦林数量特征

对长白山1hm2次生白桦林样地的研究结果表明:样地内共有活立木2550株,分属于14科23种;从株密度、平均胸径及胸高断面积等分析看,白桦和落叶松在林分中占有绝对优势;样地内所有林木的径级分布为"S"型,白桦、落叶松和红松的径级分布近似于正态分布,水曲柳和春榆的径级分布近似于倒"J"型;从径级结构分析看,白桦和落叶松等先锋树种的小径级林木在林下分布很少,更新很差,而红松、水曲柳等寿命较长的树种在林下已经占有很大的比例,更新良好,随着演替的进展,它们将逐渐进入主林层;从主要树种的空间分布格局分析看,落叶松在样地中表现出了明显的聚集性分布格局,而白桦、水曲柳、红松和春榆没有表现出明显的聚集性分布格局.     

广州白云山不同林分修复模式秋冬季土壤线虫群落结构特点

对广州市白云山6种林分修复模式下土壤线虫群落结构进行了调查研究,共得到土壤线虫7184头,分别隶属于37科63属。不同修复模式对土壤动物群落的组成和数量具有较大的影响。从季节变化来看,秋末冬初时线虫种类和数量均高于冬季。从土壤动物类群数量的垂直分布来看,总体趋势是随着土壤层次的加深而递减。食细菌类群和植物寄生类群土壤深度间差异显著(p0.05),植物寄生类群和杂食/捕食类群在不同样地间差异显著(p0.05)。生态学指数中Iw和线虫成熟指数(Im)在土层间差异显著(p0.01)。在不同调查层和修复模式中的丰富度最大的是食细菌类群线虫。     

委陵菜属9种植物茎形态解剖结构的比较研究

[目的]从系统进化的观点比较委陵菜属种间解剖结构的异同,可作为植物分类及分析其系统关系的重要依据.[方法]采用传统石蜡切片法,对大庆地区9种委陵菜属（PotentillaL）植物茎的形态解剖结构进行了分析和比较.[结果]9种委陵菜茎有直立茎、匍匐茎、直立或斜生茎3种类型;其解剖结构具有相似性,具发达的髓和皮层,维管束多枚,呈环状排列,维管组织与基本组织（皮层和髓）的比例为19.20％ ～ 26.70％.[结论]9种委陵菜都具有旱生植物特征,但是其抗旱性的发达程度不尽相同.该研究为委陵菜属植物的系统分类及合理开发利用提供更丰富的资料.     

Natural Marine Products: Anti-Colorectal Cancer In Vitro and In Vivo

Colorectal cancer, a malignant tumor with high mortality, has a poor prognosis due to drug resistance and toxicity in clinical surgery and chemotherapy. Thus, finding safer and more efficient drugs for clinical trials is vital and urgent. Natural marine compounds, with rich resources and original chemical structures, are applied widely in anticancer treatments. We provide a systematic overview of recently reported marine compounds such as alkaloids, peptides, terpenoids, polysaccharides, and carotenoids from in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies. The in vitro studies summarized the marine origins and pharmacological mechanisms, including anti-proliferation, anti-angiogenesis, anti-migration, anti-invasion, the acceleration of cycle arrest, and the promotion of tumor apoptosis, of various compounds. The in vivo studies outlined the antitumor effects of marine compounds on colorectal cancer model mice and evaluated their efficacy in terms of tumor inhibition, hepatotoxicity, and nephrotoxicity. The clinical studies summarized the major chemical classifications and targets of action of the clinical drugs that have entered clinical approval and completed approval for marine anticancer. In summary, we present the current situation regarding the application of natural anti-colorectal cancer marine compounds and prospects for their clinical application.     

平原丘陵地区水土资源联合优化配置

通过对区域水资源和土地资源概况进行研究,利用大系统递阶优化思想,以供水对象相对缺水率最小和农业经济效益最大为目标,建立了区域水土资源联合优化配置模型,并以句容市为例,对平原丘陵地区的水资源在时间和区域上进行了合理安排、设计、组合和布局,对农业种植结构进行了调整。研究结果表明:水资源是土地资源发挥最大优势的基本条件,水资源利用合理与否,直接影响到土地资源的生产效率;而土地资源的利用程度也影响着水资源的变化,土地资源利用效率高,则为水资源的合理开发利用创造条件。