The effects of maternal nutrition during the first 50 d of gestation on the location and abundance of hexose and cationic amino acid transporters in beef heifer uteroplacental tissues

We hypothesized that maternal nutrition during the first 50 d of gestation would influence the abundance of hexose transporters, SLC2A1, SLC2A3, and SLC2A5, and cationic amino acid transporters, SLC7A1 and SLC7A2, in heifer uteroplacental tissues. Angus-cross heifers (n = 43) were estrus synchronized, bred via artificial insemination, and assigned at breeding to 1 of 2 dietary intake groups (CON = 100% of requirements to achieve 0.45 kg/d of BW gain or RES = 60% of CON intake) and ovariohysterectomized on day 16, 34, or 50 of gestation (n = 6 to 9/d) in a completely randomized design with a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments. Uterine cross-sections were collected from the horn ipsilateral to the corpus luteum, fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin, sectioned at 5 µm, and stained via immunofluorescence for transporters. For each image, areas of fetal membrane (FM; chorioallantois), luminal epithelium (ENDO), superficial glands (SG), deep glands (DG), and myometrium (MYO) were analyzed separately for relative intensity of fluorescence as an indicator of transporter abundance. Analysis of FM was only conducted for days 34 and 50. No transporters in target areas were influenced by a day × treatment interaction (P ≥ 0.06). In ENDO, all transporters were differentially abundant from days 16 to 50 of gestation (P ≤ 0.04), and SLC7A2 was greater (P = 0.05) for RES vs. CON. In SG, SLC7A1 and SLC7A2 were greater (P ≤ 0.04) at day 34 vs. day 16. In DG, SLC2A3 and SLC7A1 were greater (P ≤ 0.05) for CON vs. RES heifers; furthermore, SLC7A1 was greater (P < 0.01) at day 50 vs. days 16 and 34 of gestation. In MYO, SLC7A1 was greater (P < 0.01) for CON vs. RES and was greater (P = 0.02) at days 34 and 50 vs. day 16. There were no differences in FM (P ≥ 0.06). Analysis of all uterine tissues at day 16 determined that SLC2A1, SLC2A3, and SLC7A2 were all differentially abundant across uterine tissue type (P < 0.01), and SLC7A1 was greater (P = 0.02) for CON vs. RES. Analysis of all uteroplacental tissues at days 34 and 50 demonstrated that all transporters differed (P < 0.01) across uteroplacental tissues, and SLC7A1 was greater (P < 0.01) for CON vs. RES. These data are interpreted to imply that transporters are differentially affected by day of gestation, and that hexose and cationic amino acid transporters are differentially abundant across utero-placental tissue types, and that SLC7A1 is responsive to maternal nutritional treatment.     

Effects of late planting on fiber quality and within-boll yield components as mediated by sucrose metabolism in cotton bolls

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to examine the effect of late planting on sucrose metabolism in cotton bolls and the relationship to fiber properties and within-boll yield components. Two cotton lines A201 and A705 were employed in a sowing date experiment where two temperature regimes during boll maturation period were created at mean daily temperature of 26.8°C, 28.3°C for early planting and 25.2°C, 23.1°C for late planting in 2016 and 2017, respectively. Boll size, seed mass per boll, seed index and fiber length were increased, and lint percentage was decreased by late planting. Greater cell wall invertase activity and the resultant hexose concentration in fibers were observed in late planting, and thus led to decreased osmotic potential accounting for the enhanced fiber length. Similarly, late planting increased the maximum of vacuolar invertase activity in ovules occurring at 5 days post anthesis (DPA) and hexose concentrations in embryos from 10 DPA afterwards which may favor embryo cell division, and thus increase final seed size. Our data indicate that acid invertase and hexose are implicated in the formation of within-boll yield components and fiber properties as affected by the lower temperature regime due to late planting.     

质子对植物蔗糖转运蛋白和己糖转运蛋白活性的调节

蔗糖是植物体内进行长距离运输的主要营养物质和信号分子。蔗糖转运蛋白和己糖转运蛋白是蔗糖从源到库的运输过程中的重要参与者。质子不仅通过形成质子动子势为蔗糖和己糖逆浓度梯度跨膜转运提供动力,还调节它们的活性,从而影响蔗糖的运输和分配。该文总结了质子对蔗糖转运蛋白的调节和质子对己糖转运蛋白活性及功能的调节,并加以展望。     

火龙果己糖转运蛋白基因克隆及生物信息学分析

[目的]己糖转运蛋白(Hexose Transporter,HXT)是一种单糖转运蛋白,能够跨膜转运甘露糖、果糖和葡萄糖等己糖类物质,参与花粉发育和植株生长,进而决定果实的内在品质.分析火龙果HXT基因生物信息学及表达特性,可为调节火龙果果实品质奠定基础.[方法]通过基因克隆得到1个火龙果已糖转运蛋白基因,应用NCBI...     

LeHT1、Permease基因在抗、感番茄黄化曲叶病番茄中的表达特征

选用分别含有抗番茄黄化曲叶病(TYLCD)基因Ty-1、Ty-2和Ty-3的3种抗病番茄材料(分别简称TY-1、TY-2和TY-3)和感病番茄品种(苏粉9号),利用携带TYLCV的烟粉虱对所选番茄材料幼苗接种病毒,从核酸水平检测抗病品系和感病品种的病毒侵入时间差异,并检测接种病毒前后己糖转运基因(LeHT1)和透性蛋白基因(Permease)在转录水平上的表达量变化。结果显示,感病品种与抗病品系TY-2在接种第2 d便检测到病毒,抗病品系TY-1和TY-3分别在3 d、15 d检测到病毒,说明病毒侵入时间早晚与番茄的抗病性没有直接关系。感病品种和抗病品系TY-1分别在接种后7 d、20 d有明显的发病症状,抗病品系TY-2和TY-3整个生育期均无发病症状。感病品种接种前LeHT1无明表达,接种后随时间增加表达量先上升后下降;抗病品系TY-2、TY-3在接种前有较高的表达量,接种后随时间增加呈下降趋势,抗病品系TY-1在接种后5 d时降至最低,随后稍有增加。接种后,Per-mease基因在感病品种中表达量显著提高,7 d后略有降低;抗病品系TY-1的Permease基因表达量先降低,15 d时表达量回升;抗病品系TY-2的Permease基因在接种后的表达量增加;抗病品系在TY-3中,Permease基因在接种前后表达水平变化不大,直至15 d时略有升高。接种前、后LeHT1和Permease基因在不同抗病材料和感病材料中具有不同的表达特征,表明不同抗源可能含有不同的抗病信号通路和抗病机制。     

基于CRISPR/Cas9技术创制木薯MeSTP7和MeSTP15双基因突变体

木薯(Manihot esculenta Crantz)是一种热带、亚热带重要的粮食与能源作物,提高木薯的产量对木薯产业发展至关重要.木薯块根的发育直接影响其产量情况,而不同逆境胁迫会影响木薯块根的发育情况.因此解析木薯块根的发育机制有助于通过分子育种手段实现木薯高产,以及获得具备一定抗逆品质的优良种质,增强木薯的适应...     

毕赤酵母发酵不同单糖产乙醇的研究

以毕赤酵母CBS 6054(Scheffersomyces stipitis)为试验菌株,用葡萄糖和半乳糖2种六碳糖,木糖和阿拉伯糖2种五碳糖分别作为惟一碳源进行发酵试验,测定毕赤酵母在不同培养基中的生长曲线、糖消耗情况、产物乙醇生成情况,由此研究该菌株发酵不同单糖的能力以及对应的产乙醇的潜力。结果表明该菌株对葡萄糖和木糖的发酵能力较强,且两者发酵情况相当;发酵半乳糖的能力居中;发酵阿拉伯糖的能力较弱。乙醇产量从高到低依次是葡萄糖、木糖、半乳糖、阿拉伯糖。     

Potential Yields and On-Farm Ethanol Production Cost of Corn, Sweet Sorghum, Fodderbeet, and Sugarbeet

Field experiments were conducted during 1980-82 at the Agronomy Farm of the University of California, Davis, to compare fermentable carbohydrate production and cost of potential ethanol from fodderbeet, sweet sorghum, sugarbeet, and corn in relation to the requirements of these crops for fertilizer nitrogen and irrigation. The response of hexose yields of these crops to fertilizer N varied in the two experiments. When all crops responded, sweet sorghum and sugarbeet required 36 % and fodderbeet 68 % of the fertilizer N needed for corn. Twelve weeks following a mid-season irrigation cut off, hexose yield of sugarbeet was decreased by 18 % as compared to an adequately watered crop. Water stressed sweet sorghum extracted higher amounts of soil moisture, increased in hexose concentration and produced 29 % higher hexose yield than when adequately watered. Stressed sugarbeet, however, had a higher hexose yield due to its higher sugar concentration.
When fertilized and irrigated adequately, fodderbeet produced 13.4, sugarbeet 11.9, sweet sorghum 10.0, and corn 8.15 Mg hexose ha⁻¹. Comparative on-farm ethanol production costs of these four crops were very close ($0.38 to 0.40 L⁻¹). Thus, growing established crops like corn and sugarbeet for which processing facilities and alternative markets already exist would be preferred.     

Sucrose synthase dominates carbohydrate metabolism and relative growth rate in growing kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa, cv Hayward)

Changes in fruit growth rate, carbohydrate content (glucose, fructose, sucrose and starch) and enzyme activity (sucrose synthase, UDPglucose pyrophosphorylase, fructokinase, glucokinase, sucrose phosphate synthase, ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase and invertases), in the external pericarp of kiwifruit, were measured throughout the growing season. Sucrose synthase showed the highest activity among the sucrose cleaving enzymes during large part of the growing season. The activity of invertases were much lower than that of sucrose synthase until ripening started. Sucrose synthase showed a tight although not linear relationship with the fruit RGR. Furthermore, sucrose synthase showed linear and significant correlations with the activities of both fructokinase and UDPglucose pyrophosphorylase indicating a strong co-regulation of the activities of these three enzymes involved in sucrose cleavage and sink strength, in kiwifruit. Sucrose synthase is suggested to be the dominating enzyme in the cleavage of imported carbon in kiwifruit, in tight coordination with fructokinase and UDPglucose pyrophosphorylase.