Enhancement of sulfide auto-oxidation by metal ion in artificial seawater and a seawater which is a possible source of aoshio

SUMMARY: Aoshio is hypoxic milky blue-green seawater observed in some eutrophic bays. Previous studies have shown that colloidal sulfur causes the coloration and that the source of aoshio water is attributed to coastal anoxic bottom water. Occurrences of aoshio have been reported in limited areas of coastal seawater, although hypoxic transparent water seems rather universal. Promotion in auto-oxidation of sulfide by metal ions in seawater was investigated to explain the occurrences of aoshio. Artificial seawater containing 10 μM metal ion was assayed for the sulfide oxidation rate. The velocity constant which represents the oxidation rate within the initial 30 min and the amount of reacted sulfide in 2 h were determined by oxygen monitoring and sulfide quantification, respectively. Fe²⁺ and Cu²⁺ enhanced the initial 30 min reaction. Fe²⁺, Fe³⁺ and Ni²⁺ increased the amount of reacted sulfide in 2 h, forming whitish turbid water. Seawater from a suspected source of aoshio water was also assayed for the auto-oxidation rate of sulfide. The oxidation rate in water from 12 m depth was 13–19 times higher than the artificial seawater without an addition of heavy metal ions. More than 15% of the oxidation rate in 12 m deep seawater was explained by dissolved iron in the seawater.     

The Effect of Lead and Zinc on Plant Growth and Chlorophyll Content of Holcus lanatus L.

Root length of Holcus lanatus L. declined rapidly with increasing lead and zinc concentrations in nutrient solution. In all used Pb and Zn concentrations root growth of genotypes coming from a Pb-Zn mine area, was greater than that of the control, suggesting that these genotypes evolved tolerance to Pb and Zn.
Negative correlation was also observed between chlorophyll content and increased heavy metal concentrations. The greater chlorophyll content found in tolerant genotypes, in different Pb and Zn concentrations, in comparison with the control, could be served to distinguish tolerant and non-tolerant genotypes.     

贵州茶园土壤中重金属元素含量的检测与分析

对贵州地区33个乡镇茶园土壤中铅、镉、铬、铜、汞、砷、硒7种元素含量进行了检测。运用SPSS 12.0软件对所掌握的数据进行聚类分析。结果表明,33个茶园土壤共分为5组,共有26个茶园土壤被划入第1组。对聚类分析的分组结果进行单因素方差分析,判断各组间7种元素的含量特征是,铅、铬、铜、砷4种元素含量组间差异极显著(P<0.01),硒元素含量组间差异接近显著水平(P=0.058)。说明,该聚类分析结果是有效的,可为贵州省茶园规划及相关产业政策的制定提供依据。     

Evaluation of a Thermophilic,Psychrostable, and Heavy Metal-Resistant Red Sea Brine Pool Esterase

Lipolytic enzymes catalyze the hydrolysis and synthesis of ester compounds. They are valuable in the pulp, food, and textile industries. This study aims to comprehensively evaluate the extreme properties of a hormone-sensitive lipase (EstATII-TM) isolated from the Red Sea Atlantis II brine pool. EstATII-TM was cloned, expressed, and its biochemical activities were assessed under different conditions. EstATII-TM catalytic properties and resistance to different metal ions were compared to commercial thermophilic esterases under different temperatures. Phylogenetically, EstATII-TM was assigned to the GDSAG motif subfamily of hormone-sensitive lipase. The optimal enzyme activity was evident at a temperature of 30 °C and pH 7–8. The enzyme retained 84.9% of its activity at 0.5 M NaCl. EstATII-TM maintained 93% to 97% activity at −40 and −20 °C, respectively. EstATII-TM activity was significantly enhanced, up to 10-fold, at temperatures ranging from 45 to 65 °C in the presence of 1 mM Cu²⁺, Cd²⁺, Ba²⁺, Mn²⁺, and Zn²⁺. EstATII-TM showed superior catalytic activity and resistance-to/enhancement-by metal ions compared to two commercial thermophilic esterases. The Red Sea Atlantis II brine EstATII-TM is characterized by tolerance to high temperatures, stability to hot and cold conditions, as well as toxic heavy metal contamination, making it an ideal candidate for industrial processes.     

玉米秸秆水热生物炭施用对土壤重金属Cd生物有效性和微生物群落的影响

为了探究玉米秸秆水热生物炭（简称水热炭）施用对镉（Cd）污染土壤的修复效果及作用机制,通过盆栽试验,分析了不同水热炭在不同添加率下（1%和 3%）对土壤 Cd生物有效性和作物吸收的影响,并探究了不同条件下的微生物群落结构。结果表明：与对照相比,水热炭施用显著提高了土壤有机质和溶解性有机碳含量,土壤中二乙烯三胺五乙酸提取的Cd（DTPA-Cd）和油菜叶片 Cd含量分别降低了 5.01%~20.98%和 10.82%~34.16%。提高水热温度和水热炭添加率有助于降低土壤 DTPA-Cd含量。此外,施用水热炭显著增强了根际土壤细菌的多样性和丰度,且明显改变了微生物群落结构。与对照组相比,施用水热炭显著降低了根际土壤中Actinobacteriota的相对丰度,提高了Proteobacteria和Bacteroidota的相对丰度。冗余分析表明土壤溶解性有机碳含量是影响根际土壤细菌群落结构的关键因素。因此,水热炭对重金属污染土壤有很大的修复潜力,但其对土壤重金属的长期效应有待进一步研究。     

培养料中重金属元素对金针菇产品质量安全的影响

研究了工厂化栽培过程中,培养料中As、Hg、Pb、Cd的添加水平对金针菇子实体产量的影响及在子实体中的累积规律。结果表明子实体中As、Hg、Pb、Cd的含量随着培养料中浓度的增加而增加,而且Hg会降低生物学效率,Cd略提高生物学效率。通过对培养料中重金属添加浓度与子实体含量的回归分析发现二者的线性相关性极显著。根据农业标准《绿色食品食用菌》中重金属的限量要求,初步推出金针菇的培养料中As、Hg、Pb、Cd的安全限量值应分别不高于1.0、0.1、10.0、1.0 mg/kg。     

抗重金属铜细菌的分离鉴定和吸附性能研究

从土壤中分离具有抗重金属铜的细菌,用于去除废水中的重金属铜。对保定近郊炼铜厂排污口处的土样中进行分离,得到15株形态不同的细菌,经鉴定,分别属于芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus),假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas),节杆菌属(Arthrobacter),短波单胞菌属(Brevundimonas),寡养单胞菌属(Stenotrophomonas)和盐单胞菌属(Halomonas)。这15株细菌都具有铜吸附能力,其中吸附能力最好的是菌株764。     

重金属致植物矿质营养元素代谢异常的生理效应

重金属胁迫会导致植物体细胞的矿质营养元素缺乏、代谢过程紊乱,甚至可引起植物的死亡。综述了重金属导致植物体的某些矿质元素代谢异常的生理效应。     

呼和浩特市淡栗褐土表层重金属的基准值研究

针对目前土壤环境质量标准存在的不足,通过现场采样及室内分析,主要采用相对累积频率分析方法,确定了呼和浩特市淡栗褐土表层重金属的地球化学基准值。结果表明,Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb的基准值分别是:14.19、45.47、0.0844、17.42mg·kg-1。本研究不仅可以为制订内蒙古自治区地方土壤环境质量标准提供基础资料,同时也可以为土壤评价、政府决策和精细农业的发展提供理论支撑。     

香蕉对砷镉铅的富集转运特征及土壤重金属安全阈值

建立土壤重金属安全阈值是保障我国农产品质量安全的一道重要屏障.本研究通过盆栽模拟实验研究香蕉对砷(As)、镉(Cd)、铅(Pb)3种重金属的富集转运特点,进一步通过建立香蕉茎叶与土壤As、Cd、Pb总量和有效态含量的关系,推导香蕉种植系统的土壤As、Cd、Pb的安全阈值.结果显示,Cd、Pb对香蕉生物量表现出"低促高抑...