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1.
Large‐scale patterns of fish diversity and assemblage structure in the longest tropical river in Asia
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Although the Mekong River is one of the world's 35 biodiversity hot spots, the large‐scale patterns of fish diversity and assemblage structure remain poorly addressed. This study aimed to investigate the fish distribution patterns in the Lower Mekong River (LMR) and to identify their environmental determinants. Daily fish catch data (i.e. from December 2000 to November 2001) at 38 sites distributed along the LMR were related to 15 physicochemical and 19 climatic variables. As a result, four different clusters were defined according to the similarity in assemblage composition and 80 indicator species were identified. While fish species richness was highest in the Mekong delta and lowest in the upper part of the LMR, the diversity index was highest in the middle part of the LMR and lowest in the delta. We found that fish assemblages changed along the environmental gradients and that the main drivers affecting the fish assemblage structure were the seasonal variation of temperature, precipitation, dissolved oxygen, pH and total phosphorus. Specifically, upstream assemblages were characterised by cyprinids and Pangasius catfish, well suited to low temperature, high dissolved oxygen and high pH. Fish assemblages in the delta were dominated by perch‐like fish and clupeids, more tolerant to high temperatures, and high levels of nutrients (nitrates and total phosphorus) and salinity. Overall, the patterns were consistent between seasons. Our study contributes to establishing the first holistic fish community study in the LMR. 相似文献
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N. Fenner D. J. Dowrick M. A. Lock C. R. Rafarel & C. Freeman 《Soil Use and Management》2006,22(3):267-273
The temperature dependence of chemical reaction rates and microbial metabolism mean that temperature is a key factor regulating soil trace gas emissions and hydrochemistry. Here we evaluated a novel approach for studying the thermal response of soils, by examining the effects of temperature on gas emissions and hydrochemistry in (a) peat and (b) soil from a Sitka spruce plantation. A thermal gradient was applied along an aluminium bar, allowing soil to be incubated contemporaneously from 2 to 18 °C. The approach demonstrated clear differences in the biogeochemical responses of the two soil types to warming. The peat showed no significant emission of CH4 at temperatures below 6 °C, while above 6 °C, a marked increase in the rate of release was apparent up to 15 °C (Q10 = 2.5) with emissions being similar between 15 and 18 °C. Conversely, CH4 emissions from the forest soil did not respond to warming. Nitrate availability in the peat decreased by 90% between 2 and 18 °C (P < 0.01), whereas concentrations in the forest soil did not respond. Sulphate availability in the peat decreased significantly with warming (60%, P < 0.01), while the forest soil showed the opposite response (a 30% increase, P < 0.01). Conventionally, thermal responses are studied by incubating individual soil samples at different temperatures, involving lengthy preparation and facilities to incubate samples at different temperatures simultaneously. Data collected on a given thermal response is usually limited and thus interpolated or extrapolated. The thermal gradient method overcomes these problems, is simple and flexible, and can be adapted for a wide range of sample types (not confined to soil). Such apparatus may prove useful in the optimization of management practices to mitigate the effects of climate change, as thermal responses will differ depending on land use and soil type. 相似文献
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The effect of NaNO2 and NaCl on the growth of 24 lactic acid bacteria strains isolated from vacuum-packed cooked ring sausages were examined by analyzing different growth parameters with Bioscreen. NaNO2 had a very limited effect on the growth of lactic acid bacteria at 50 and 100 mg/l but at 400 mg/l a more pronounced inhibitory effect was found. Bacterial growth was enhanced by 1-2% (w/v) of added NaCl, while NaCl concentrations above 3% (w/v) had a clear inhibitory effect. Leuconostoc isolates seemed to be more sensitive to sodium nitrite and sodium chloride than homofermentative lactobacilli strains. Among homofermentative lactobacilli, the strains resembling Lactobacillus curvatus were more sensitive to NaCl than those resembling Lactobacillus sake. 相似文献
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大豆种衣剂有效成分配比优选及应用研究I大豆种衣剂有效成分的选择及应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
植物生长调节剂Cc使大豆株高降低,根系活力增强,总根长增加,地下部干重增中18.41%~35.13%,差异显著,地上部干重增加6.58%~15.79%;多元络合态微肥Mi使大豆株高增加叶面积增大,地上、地下部干重分别增加8.5%~13.16%、11.31%~15.30%,差异均显著,杀虫杀菌剂Ki使大豆病株降低20~21.5个百分点,低浓度的Ki使大豆出苗率增加,根系活力增加,地上、地下部干重分别增加3.95%~14.47%、5.32%~14.41%,高浓度的Cc、Ki对大豆出苗不利。 相似文献
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0.05MpH9.6碳酸盐缓冲液和0.05MPH13NaOH溶液作为包被液,分别用于间接ELISA检测乙型五号病病毒抗体。结果表明,用0.05MPH13NaOH溶泡包被可完全灭活五号病病毒抗原而用0.05MPH9.6碳酸盐缓冲液却有87%的五号病病毒抗原未被杀灭;用于检测时,以0.05MPH13NaOH溶液为包被液在敏感性及检测结果的梯度方面都优于用0.05MPH9.6碳酸盐缓冲液。 相似文献
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本文运用因子分析和聚类分析等量化手段对我国东、中、西三个区域,31个省份不同旅游企业经济竞争力指标进行了分析,得出区域及省市旅游企业经济竞争力分布特点及分类。结果显示:我国旅游企业经济竞争力最强的地区为上海、北京和广东,区域结构方面,我国旅游企业经济竞争力总体上呈现东—西梯度演进结构。文章将旅游产业竞争力进行系统分解,研究了旅游产业主体(旅游企业)的经济竞争力,从而为更好的理解区域旅游产业竞争力提供了思路。 相似文献
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为延长牡丹切花的观赏时间和提高观赏品质,在对水性丙烯酸树脂和茶树精油喷涂处理浓度和喷涂时间单因素试验的基础上进行Box-Behnken中心组合试验设计,并通过响应面回归分析优化牡丹切花喷涂处理条件。结果表明,牡丹切花喷涂处理的最佳条件为水性丙烯酸82.95 g ? L-1、茶树精油0.65 mL ? L-1,持续喷涂10.28 min。按此条件进行验证,测得牡丹切花常温贮藏5 d后的花瓣总色差值为2.15,对照组色差为6.64;该处理能增加切花的观赏时间,降低失水率和最大花径皱缩率,明显改善花瓣的物理特性,并在一定程度上降低花瓣腐烂指数。 相似文献