不同光照处理下外施营养液和激素对万圣节法师叶色变化的影响[1]

To study the effects of light, external nutrition, and hormones on the color changes of Aeonium aeonium "Halloween" leaves. In this study, the 1-year-old stem cuttings of the Aeonium aeonium "Halloween" were used as materials. The leaves were sprayed with 25mg/L methyl jasmonic acid, 3‰ potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 1‰ calcium magnesium boron mixture for two consecutive times, with an interval of 3 days. The experiment consisted of CK (water control), LS, DS (dark culture for 1 week). After 1 week of treatment, the leaf color parameters and anthocyanin pigment content were measured every 7 days for 6 consecutive weeks. The results showed that the treatment time and method had a significant impact on the leaf color parameters. In terms of brightness value L, as the treatment time extended, all three treatments showed an upward downward upward trend. Among them, the highest value was reached after 2 weeks of treatment, gradually decreased after 3 weeks, and sharply increased again after 6 weeks; In terms of red green saturation a value, after 2-4 weeks of treatment, both LS and DS treatments were significantly higher than CK, and the effect significantly decreased after 5 weeks; Light has a significant impact on a value, with DS treatment showing a significant decrease in a value after one week of shading, and a sharp increase after re lighting; In terms of the b value of yellow and blue saturation, the change in CK value is relatively small with the extension of treatment time, while the fluctuation in LS and DS treatment is significant; In terms of color saturation c value, DS treatment significantly increased with the prolongation of treatment time, and there was no significant change in LS and CK treatment within 1-3 weeks. After 3 weeks of treatment, there was no significant difference between the three treatments; With the extension of treatment time, the anthocyanin content of each treatment showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. After 2-3 weeks of treatment, the anthocyanin content was higher, and gradually decreased after 4 weeks of treatment; Correlation analysis shows that anthocyanin content is highly significantly positively correlated with a and c values, and anthocyanin content is a key factor in the red color of Aeonium aeonium "Halloween".     

诱捕器类型、颜色及诱芯颜色对大豆食心虫引诱效果的影响

采用标准诱芯及合成化合物组配诱芯,比较了诱捕器的类型、颜色及诱芯颜色对大豆食心虫诱捕效果的影响。结果表明:粘胶板式(三角形、船形)和水盆式2种诱捕器类型及红色、深绿色、浅绿色、紫色、白色、黄色、棕色、蓝色8种三角板诱捕器颜色均对引诱活性无显著影响,而不同颜色诱芯对大豆食心虫的引诱效果影响较大,其中绿色诱芯引诱效果较好,显著优于蓝色、红色、灰色及橘色诱芯。因此,在田间应用时,建议优先选用绿色诱芯,并根据实际情况灵活选用不同类型的诱捕器。     

基于无人机数字图像与高光谱数据融合的小麦全蚀病等级的快速分类技术

小麦全蚀病是检疫性的土传病害,对小麦生产危害极大,对其发生的监测是治理的根本。遥感技术可实时、宏观地监测病害发生发展,尤其是将光谱信息与高分辨率数字图像进行融合,可直观、精准地对病害识别和分类。本文基于计算机视觉技术,通过光谱数据与高分辨率数字图像结合的方法,对小麦全蚀病等级进行快速分类。首先,通过ASD非成像光谱仪获取小麦全蚀病的光谱信息,提取全蚀病特征光谱,建立光谱比。其次,利用无人机获取的实时田间数码图像,对其颜色特征进行重量化。最后,利用基于支持向量机的决策树分类对图像视场中的不同全蚀病等级进行分类。结果表明,4个全蚀病等级的分类精度均大于86%(Kappa0.81),平均运算时间小于30s。通过与实地调查的小麦全蚀病的白穗率等级做比对,验证分类结果的准确性,结果表明该方法基本可以实现对小麦全蚀病等级的实时监测。     

不同寄主来源的葡萄霜霉病菌致病力测定及孢子囊大小比较

对采自我国不同地区、不同主栽葡萄品种‘红地球’、‘巨峰’及‘赤霞珠’上的12份葡萄霜霉病菌的致病力及孢子囊大小进行了比较和分析,结果表明:采自不同葡萄品种的病原菌对感病葡萄品种‘奥迪亚无核’叶片的致病力具有明显差异,其中‘巨峰’及‘红地球’来源的病原菌致病性较强,明显大于‘赤霞珠’来源的病原菌致病力;采自不同葡萄品种的霜霉病菌孢子囊大小存在一定的差异,‘赤霞珠’来源的病原菌孢子囊明显大于‘巨峰’及‘红地球’来源的霜霉病菌孢子囊。上述结果表明,采自不同寄主的葡萄霜霉病菌的致病力及孢子囊大小均存在一定程度的分化。     

Variation in pigment content of flour color in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Summary Variation in pigment content of the flour of bread wheats (Triticum aestivum L.) was studied in the progenies of F₁ and F₂ of three crosses and their reciprocals. Reciprocal differences in pigment content were observed in the F₁ and F₂ means. Low pigment content was found to be partially dominant or over dominant in the crosses studied. There was evidence of substantial mid-parent F₁ heterosis in all crosses and betterparent F₁ heterosis in three crosses. In the F₂, heritability estimates were moderate to high. The F₂ frequency distributions were not normal. Estimation of effective factor pairs indicated the presence of one or two major gene pairs involved in the expression of pigment content in the flour. Action of modifiers was also assumed in one cross and its reciprocal. A factorial approach to metrical character suggested that the F₂ segregation ratios of low pigment content to high pigment content were 3:1, 15:1, 13:3 and 9:7 for the different crosses. Utilization of the findings in a wheat breeding program is briefly discussed.     

蔬菜纸加工技术研究

通过室内试验观察 ,研究了胡萝卜的护色、菠菜的护绿条件及土豆浆的添加比例。结果表明 ,胡萝卜在0.1 %NaHCO3 溶液中 ,沸水状态下漂烫1.5min,与土豆浆以2～2.5:1的比例混匀粉碎 ,形成浆状物 ,制成薄片、干制 ,产品外观色泽鲜艳 ,保持胡萝卜的风味。菠菜在常温下浸泡于150mg/LZn2 溶液8～10h ,与土豆浆以2:1～1.5比例混匀、粉碎 ,开成浆状物 ,制成薄片、干制 ,产品保持菠菜的色泽和风味。     

瓯江彩鲤体色调控相关因子MC1R的克隆与表达分析

黑素皮质素1受体(melanocortin 1 receptor,MCIR)是动物黑色素合成通路中的关键基因之一,对动物的体色和毛色有重要影响.瓯江彩鲤(Cyprinus carpio var.color)具有5种基本体色类型(“全红”、“粉玉”、“大花”、“粉花”和“麻花”),其中后3种带有黑色斑点或斑块,是研究动物黑色素合成机制的良好材料之一.克隆了瓯江彩鲤的MC1R基因,并进行了“全红”、“大花”、“粉玉”、“粉花”4种体色间的表达差异分析.研究发现,瓯江彩鲤的MC1R基因的全长cDNA序列为1 914 bp,包括637 bp 5’-UTR(非转录区)、311 bp3’-UTR及966 bp ORF(开放阅读框).该基因由一个外显子编码(321个氨基酸),有7个跨膜结构域.瓯江彩鲤与鲫的编码区核苷酸同源性达98％,与斑马鱼达93％;不同体色间的编码区只存在一个核苷酸无义突变(C/G),因而氨基酸序列完全相同.qRT-PCR表明,MC1R基因在眼睛的表达量显著高于皮肤、肌肉、鳃、肾脏、鳔、心、肝等组织(P＜0.05);但在4种体色间不存在显著的表达差异(P＞0.05).研究结果表明:瓯江彩鲤体色类型中的黑色斑块不是由MC1基因直接决定,还有待对其它体色相关基因或调控因子的研究.研究亮点:对在黑色素合成通路中起着类似“开关”作用的MC1R基因进行了克隆、序列分析和瓯江彩鲤体色间的表达差异分析,排除了MC1R基因与瓯江彩鲤黑色斑纹的直接相关性,为鱼类体色变异相关基因研究积累了有益资料.     

光唇鱼网箱养殖试验

网箱单养、混养光唇鱼的试验结果表明,在25m2网箱中,单养光唇鱼以200～220尾/m2的放养密度比较合适,单位面积产量可达12.7～12.9 kg/m2;瓯江彩鲤网箱中混养光唇鱼,在瓯江彩鲤保持180尾/m2的放养密度不变的情况下,混养20尾/m2的光唇鱼,其效果比单养瓯江彩鲤更好,单位面积产量可达103.2kg/m2.     

矾根主要品种的叶色表型性状分析

通过目测进行分类的方式很难准确界定矾根品种叶色。为建立一套更为科学的基于叶色表型的矾根品种分类体系,笔者利用色差仪对72个矾根品种共计432个样品的叶色进行测定,对获得的L、a、b 3个色度值进行聚类分析,将72个矾根品种分为褐色系、深绿色系、黄色系、灰绿色系、浅绿色系5类色系。对矾根品种各色系的L、a、b值进行相关性分析,发现叶片正面的L值与a值、a值与b值呈负相关,L值与b值呈正相关,但相关性不明显;叶片背面的L值与a值、a值与b值呈负相关,L值与b值呈显著正相关。从多重比较的结果中可以看出,矾根品种各色系之间的L、a、b色度值差异显著,尤其是各色系间叶正面的颜色差异较大,在矾根品种选育工作中,叶片正面的颜色将作为主要参考。     

转基因抗虫彩色棉对棉蚜抗性的初步鉴定

将已获得的抗棉铃虫、蚜虫转基因 (Bt GNA)彩色棉纯合品 (株 )系进行了棉蚜抗性评价 ,包括罩笼接蚜试验和田间自然感蚜。结果表明 ,在天彩科技园 ,罩笼内抗虫转基因彩色棉蚜害指数减退率分别比受体对照品种减少 2 1 7%～ 30 43%,蚜体变小 ,蚜重减轻 ;罩笼外有蚜株率和卷叶株率比对照略有下降 ,蚜害指数减退率在 - 1 4 2 9%～ 5 4 1 6%之间。在卡尔墩彩色棉试验基地 ,在罩笼内抗虫转基因彩色棉蚜害指数减退率为 - 33 33%～ 5 8 34%;罩笼外有蚜株率和卷叶株率比对照略有下降 ,蚜害指数减退率在 - 2 7 76%～ 40 0 0 %之间。不同品种间棉蚜抗性有差异。