A coat protein transgene from a Scottish isolate of potato mop-top virus mediates strong resistance against Scandinavian isolates which have similar coat protein genes

Resistance tests were made on seedlings of transformed lines of Nicotiana benthamiana which contain a transgene encoding the coat protein (CP) gene of a Scottish isolate of potato mop-top virus (PMTV). This transgene has been reported to confer strong resistance to the PMTV isolate from which the transgene sequence was derived and also to a second Scottish isolate. Plants of lines of the transgenic N. benthamiana were as resistant to two Swedish and two Danish PMTV isolates as to a Scottish isolate, and of five lines tested, greater than 93.5% of transgenic plants were immune. The coat protein gene sequences of these four Scandinavian isolates were very similar to those of the two Scottish isolates. The greatest divergence between the isolates was three amino acid changes and there was less than 2% change in CP gene nucleotide sequence. It is concluded that the PMTV CP transgene used in these experiments could confer resistance against isolates from different geographical areas because it is becoming apparent that the CP genes of PMTV isolates are highly conserved.     

Isolation of two strains of a new Tombusvirus (Havel river virus, HaRV) from surface waters in Germany

Two virus isolates from water samples — one from a small stream in South Western Germany and another one from the Havel river in North Eastern Germany c. 500 km away, proved to be strains, named S and H, respectively, of a new Tombusvirus for which the name Havel river virus (HaRV) had been suggested previously in a brief account. Immunoelectron microscopical decoration tests and sequence comparisons of the coat proteins indicated that the two HaRV strains are only distantly related to known Tombusviruses. The closest relationships were found to Cucumber necrosis virus. Nothing is known about their natural hosts. Because the S strain of HaRV was isolated in a woody area from a small stream close to its origin, they may be pathogens of trees or wild plants in such habitats.     

Practical Method of High-Speed Access for Medical Digital Image Sequences

The high-speed access for medical digital image sequences was restricted to special device and complicated system in the past. The authors present a new method of high-speed access for medical digital image sequences which can be performed on general computer by means of the combination of Serial ATA(SATA) and Redundant Array of Independent Disk(RAID).Then they introduce the scheme of system configuration and software program. Lastly the testing result is given and the speediness,cheapness and conveniency of this method are elucidated.     

马铃薯StUOXs基因家族的生物信息学分析

马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum)是世界第三大粮食作物,其产量和品质受到生物与非生物胁迫的影响。泛醌氧化酶(ubiquinol oxidase,UOX)是一种由核基因编码的线粒体末端氧化酶,在植物生长发育及胁迫应答中发挥重要作用。为了解StUOXs在马铃薯抗病过程中发挥的应答反应,利用生物信息学方法在马铃薯基因组中鉴定出5个StUOXs基因,对其理化性质、染色体定位、三级结构、进化关系、保守结构域、启动子元件和表达谱尤其是受青枯菌(Ralstonia solanacearum)诱导的表达模式进行了分析。结果表明:马铃薯StUOXs基因编码的氨基酸数在279~366,相对分子质量为31~42 ku,亚细胞定位在线粒体中;系统进化分析发现,马铃薯StUOXs成员与番茄、辣椒的UOXs成员的亲缘关系最近,较之拟南芥、烟草亲缘关系稍远;FPKM数据分析发现,StUOXs主要受盐、激素和生物胁迫诱导而在叶片中表达,这与其启动子中的存在的激素应答等顺式作用元件相对应。青枯菌接种后的qRT-PCR实验表明,StUOX4参与马铃薯青枯病的早期应答反应。     

瓜类褪绿黄化病毒山东分离物全基因组序列扩增及分析

为明确分离自山东省寿光市甜瓜上的瓜类褪绿黄化病毒(cucurbit chlorotic yellows virus,CCYV)分离物的全基因组序列信息和遗传变异情况,利用毛形病毒属Crinivirus简并引物进行RTPCR检测,利用RACE技术结合RT-PCR方法克隆CCYV山东分离物2条RNA链的全基因组序列,通过与GenBank中其它地区CCYV分离物的全长序列进行比对分析其同源性,并基于CP基因序列构建系统进化树分析其遗传变异情况。结果表明,山东分离物经RT-PCR检测和测序后确定为CCYV。CCYV山东分离物与其它CCYV分离物的RNA1链和RNA2链的全基因组序列一致性的平均值分别为99.82%和99.88%,且2条链的5′末端均比较保守,没有碱基突变的情况发生;RNA1链3′末端存在2个碱基变异,RNA2链3′末端存在1个碱基变异。CCYV不同地区分离物主要分为3个簇群,其中山东分离物和中国其它地区分离物、日本分离物、苏丹分离物、黎巴嫩分离物和塞浦路斯分离物聚类在一起。研究表明CCYV基因组序列比较保守,该病毒的分化可能与地理来源存在一定的相关性。     

Molecular phylogeny in Indian Citrus L. (Rutaceae) inferred through PCR-RFLP and trnL-trnF sequence data of chloroplast DNA

The taxonomy and phylogeny of Indian Citrus is revisited using PCR-RFLP of the trnD-trnT and rbcL-ORF 106 regions as well as sequence data analysis of the trnL-trnF intergenic spacer region of cpDNA. The study was based on 50 accessions of Citrus genotypes, collected from wild, semi-wild and domesticated stocks. Of the 13 restriction enzymes (RE) used for restriction digestion of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplicons, four (Hinf I, Msp I, Alu I, Hae III) generated 47 restriction fragments, of which 24 (51%) were polymorphic. PCR-RFLP data showed a genetic distance ranging from 0 to 0.79 among 50 accessions of Citrus, and a cluster analysis, based on Neighbor-Joining (NJ) method, placed all the accessions in eight major clusters. Analysis of trnL-trnF sequences from 23 representative accessions of Citrus showed a pair-wise sequence divergence rate in the range of 0–0.064. NJ, minimum evolution (ME) and maximum parsimony (MP) analyses of trnL-trnF sequences produced phylogenetic trees, which placed all the 23 accessions in five clusters. PCR-RFLP analysis resulted in a well resolved phylogenetic tree with branches supported by moderate to high bootstrap values, while the trnL-trnF sequence-based trees showed only moderate to low bootstrap support for the internal tree branches, indicating uncertain origin of some Citrus genotypes. This study shows that the trnL-trnF spacer sequence data can detect genetic variation in Indian Citrus genotypes, but the utility of the data in inferring phylogeny at intra and inter-specific levels is limited probably by factors such as hybridization, bud mutations, apomixis and polyploidy. However, PCR-RFLP and trnL-trnF data supported the recognition of C. maxima, C. medica, and C. reticulata as the basal species of edible Citrus.     

栉孔扇贝BES-SSR的开发及遗传多样性分析

通过分析栉孔扇贝BAC末端序列,发现大量微卫星DNA;随机选择14个多态性BES-SSR标记,在我国栉孔扇贝大连群体(DL)和青岛群体(QD)中验证标记的可用性,同时对这两个群体的遗传结构及其分化进行研究。结果表明,从17447条BESs中得到微卫星3374个,以四核苷酸重复为主(26.6%),五核苷酸重复次之(17.7%),六核苷酸重复最少(12.0%)。BES-SSR引物的扩增效率为77.3%(99/128),在作图亲本中的多态比例为33.6%(43/128),14个基因座在两群体中的平均等位基因数Na分别为18.9286和26.2143,平均有效等位基因数Ne为11.7505和17.0891,平均观察杂合度Ho为0.5100和0.4204,平均期望杂合度He为0.9156和0.9450,多态信息含量PIC分别为0.8940和0.9302,群体遗传多样性水平较高。两群体间的无偏遗传相似性系数为0.4879,遗传距离为0.7177,平均基因分化指数FST为0.0243,基因流Nm为10.0179,显示群体间遗传分化程度较弱,遗传变异主要来自于群体内个体之间,经Hardy-Weinberg平衡检验,两群体普遍存在杂合子缺失现象。研究表明,所开发的BES-SSR是高度多态位点,用于群体遗传多样性分析效果很好,显示BES是微卫星标记开发和应用的重要资源。     

广东花生果腐病病原菌鉴定及药剂筛选试验

【目的】鉴定广东花生果腐病病原菌类型并筛选有效的杀菌剂种类,为生产上防控该病害提供参 考。【方法】采用组织分离法从大田采集的患病花生果荚中分离获得果腐病的真菌纯培养物,回接验证分离菌 株的致病性后确认其病原,通过克隆菌株的 ITS 序列并进行系统发育分析鉴定病原菌种类。采用菌丝生长速率 法测定 40% 福美双水悬浮剂、98% 噁霉灵可溶性粉剂、24% 井冈霉素 A 水剂、10% 苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂和 10% 多抗霉素可湿性粉剂对该病原菌的抑菌效果。【结果】 从韶关采集的花生果腐病样本中分离获得 2 株病原 真菌,回接后均可以引起花生果荚腐烂,严重时导致果仁腐烂。基于菌株 ITS 序列的系统发育分析显示病原菌 为尖孢镰刀菌（Fusarium oxyspourm）和茄病镰刀菌（Fusarium solani）。供试杀菌剂中 40% 福美双悬浮剂对 2 种病原真菌的抑菌效果最好,EC50 分别为 0.001 mg/L 和 0.021 mg/L,其次是噁霉灵,EC50 分别为 0.296 mg/L 和 0.217 mg/L,井冈霉素 A 的 EC50 分别为 20.575 mg/L 和 11.185 mg/L,苯醚甲环唑和多抗霉素对 2 株病原真菌没有抑菌 效果。【结论】广东韶关地区花生果腐病主要由镰刀菌复合感染引起,以茄病镰刀菌为主,病原菌对福美双和 噁霉灵敏感,生产上可以考虑使用这两种杀菌剂防控。     

平稳高斯向量序列最大值的几乎处处中心极限定理

在rn（p）logn（log log n）^1＋ε=O（1）,rn（P,q）log n（log log n）^1＋ε=O（1）,1≤P≠q≤d的条件下,证明了平稳高斯向量序列最大值的几乎处处收敛．     

几种树皮腐烂病菌的分子鉴定

一些引起树皮腐烂病的病原菌往往不产孢,利用传统形态学方法很难对病原菌进行准确鉴定,因此,本研究拟通过ITS序列分析对引起几种腐烂病菌进行分子鉴定。本试验对采自河北省5个不同县市的苹果树、杨树、柳树、槐树和杏树等5种树木上的腐烂病菌进行了分离和致病性测定。通过测定的ITS序列与GenBank中的同源序列的分析对其进行分子鉴定,从5种寄主植物上共鉴定出Valsa mali var. mali、Valsa sordida、Botry-osphaeri dothidea和Botryosphaeria rhodina等4种树皮腐烂病菌,结果表明,通过ITS序列分析,可对树皮腐烂病菌进行准确鉴定,并对系统发育树上代表不同病原菌种类的每个分支上序列的名称、寄主范围以及地理来源进行了详细地讨论。