Biovailability of ivermectin administered orally to dogs

The bioavailability of three formulations of ivermectin was determined following oral administration to dogs. The average peak plasma level (C _max) of ivermectin administered in the standard tablet formulation at 6 and 100 µg/kg of body weight was 2.97 and 44.31 ng/g, respectively. This suggest dose-dependent pharmacokinetics.C _max and total ivermectin bioavailability, as assessed from the area under the plasma curve (AUC), were similar between two tablet formulations of ivermectin administered at 100 µg/kg. Furthermore,C _max was similar following administration of radiolabelled ivermectin at 6 µg/kg in either a beef-based chewable formulation or in the standard tablet formulation.     

Automatic Generation of Curvilinear Grid for Finite Difference Method with Many Inner Objects

In this paper the partial differential equation of coordinate transformation is computed by the finite difference formulations and some examples were computed and illustrated in pictures.     

The use of entomopathogenic fungi for the control of stored-grain insects

The present contribution discusses the recent advances in the biological control of stored-grain insects with entomopathogenic fungi (EF). Thus, the effect of formulated vs. unformulated strains of EF and the effect of combinations of EF with other components, i.e. diatomaceous earths (DEs), chemical insecticides, natural products and natural enemies against stored-product insects are reviewed. Very few formulations of EF strains have been developed and used, of which invert emulsion formulation (water-in-oil type) is considered the most important. A synergistic effect of EF is produced by combining them with DEs, chemical insecticides and natural products but not with natural enemies belonging to arthropods. Moreover, since the action of EF against insect pests in general, and stored-grain insects in particular, is compatible with the food safety and environmental regulations, a good perspective for these biocontrol agents is expected as alternatives to synthetic insecticides. The potential areas of future research on the effective use of EF as biocontrol agents of stored-grain insects and the constraints that are associated with the registration and commercialization of EF as biopesticides under storage conditions are also discussed. Suggestions for the possible ways for implementation of this technology in storage systems are also provided in the present study.     

几种增效剂对银法利防治节瓜霜霉病的增效作用的研究

我国的农药产量以及使用量一直居于世界的前列,由于农药制剂技术相对落后,研发低毒、低残留的农药已经成为当今农药市场的主要任务。     

Biological control of cucumber powdery mildew with Tilletiopsis minor under greenhouse conditions

In growth cabinet and greenhouse experiments the efficacy ofTilletiopsis minor in controlling cucumber powdery mildew decreased as humidity was lowered. This effect could be counteracted by formulation of the mycoparasite with lipophilic substances, like Hora Oleo 11E and lipids from milk. These formulations, without the mycoparasite, were also found to be deleterious to powdery mildew development. In the long run, however, formulations withT. minor gave better biological control of cucumber powdery mildew than formulations alone.     

我国农药科学之发展

中国是世界农药生产大国,生产能力已达100万吨左右,约1/2产品出口到世界农药市场。半个多世纪以来中国农药的发展趋势基本上与世界农药的发展同步。近年来已开始自主合成新农药,有21种已获得中国专利。农药毒理学是农药研究开发的重要基础研究领域,是新农药研究开发之本,不论在新化合物的合成筛选还是农药的剂型和制剂开发利用方面,生理毒理学和宏观毒理学的深入研究都将为新农药的研究开发提供强大的推动力。本文介绍了世界某些重要农药生产公司在新农药研发方面的成功经验,可供中国新农药和农药剂型及制剂研究开发部门共享。     

Effect of Foliar Fertilizers on the Growth of Soybean Cultivars1

Foliar fertilizers (FF) applied at the reproductive growth stage was reported to increase soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) yield in field trials. But yield increases have not been consistent. Field experiments were conducted on Calloway silt loam soil in 1981—1982 to determine the effect of two foliar fertilizer (FF) formulations, 16N + 4P + 4K + 1 S (Hanway) and 12 N + 4 P + 4 K + 0.5 S (Folian), and time of application, 0800- and 1900-h, on the growth of seven soybean cultivars from maturity groups V, VI, and VII. Foliar fertilizers were applied at a rate of 187 L/ha^?1 in water by a backpack CO₂ pressure sprayer at R5 to R6 growth stages. Foliar fertilizers caused no crop injury (leaf burn) when applied at 1900-h but caused moderate injury at 0800-h, which caused a yield reduction. The most significant crop injury was caused by Hanway formulation when applied at 0800-h. Yields were significantly reduced by FF in 1981 but not in 1982. Generally, Folian formulation treatments had higher yields than Hanway formulation treatments, but neither formulation increased yield above that of the untreated plants. The Bragg cultivar exhibited the least amount of crop injury and the most positive yield response to FF. Plant height, 100-seed weight and lodging rates were not adversely affected by the foliar applications. Due to the general lack of consistent yield increases or in some instances yield reduction from FF applications, the formulations used cannot be recommended for use by soybean producers.     

种衣剂拌种对小麦病虫害的防治效果

研究表明，种衣剂拌种比不拌种的晚出苗１－２天，但出苗整齐，麦苗矮壮；种衣剂拌种可明显推迟小麦白粉病的始发期，并减低其在田间的流行速率和强度，抽穗开花期防效仍在９０％以上；对小麦秆黑粉、条锈病、纹枯病和地下害也有一定防效；种衣剂拌种比不抖种的小麦穗粒数增加７．７－１３．９位，千粒重提高３－７ｇ，每公顷增产达１５．３－４４．９％；以种衣剂１４号（２２％）的效果最好，种衣剂１４号（８％）次之。     

不同生长调节剂配方对夏黑葡萄果实经济性状的影响

以4年生夏黑葡萄为试材,研究了不同生长调节剂配方对增大花穗、提高着果率及果实膨大的作用及其对夏黑葡萄经济性状的影响。结果表明:GA3与6-BA组合比单独使用GA3效果好,生长调节剂最佳配方为花前7～10天用GA35mg/L+6-BA 10mg/L增大花穗,花后3天用GA325mg/L+6-BA 20mg/L保果,花后10～15天用GA325mg/L+CPPU 2mg/L促进果实膨大。