Comparison of Crinipellis perniciosa isolates from Brazil by ERIC repetitive element sequence-based PCR genomic fingerprinting

Fifty isolates of Crinipellis perniciosa originating from Theobroma cacao , Heteropterys acutifolia and Solanum lycocarpum , from six states within Brazil, were characterized through ERIC-PCR, representing the first application of this method for molecular characterization within C. perniciosa . Phenetic analysis of banding patterns revealed a separation of isolates on the basis of host of origin, with T. cacao -derived isolates showing only a 0·2 similarity level to a cluster comprising the isolates from H. acutifolia and S. lycocarpum . Considerable intraspecific variability was observed within C. perniciosa isolates from T. cacao , with distinct groups observed correlating with geographical origin. Given that a number of isolates from T. cacao from the Amazon region grouped with isolates from Bahia state, this work discusses the possibility that current C. perniciosa populations pathogenic on T. cacao in Bahia originated from the Amazon region, rather than from alternative host plants.     

中药质量评价指纹谱研究与中药农业发展

中药质量控制的理想技术方法是中药化学成分指纹谱-效应谱,但由于中药药效物质基础研究滞后于中药化学成分指纹谱的研究和发展,某些问题亟待提出和寻找对策,以促进中药化学成分指纹谱-效应谱的健康、有序发展.中药化学成分指纹谱和效应谱两者对应,效应谱是对指纹谱的验证,有实际应用和推广价值的是中药化学成分指纹谱.对于这样一项需要一定资金投入的基础性公益事业,应视为政府、大专院校和研究院所与企业的联动行为.由于我国以大专院校和科研院所为主体的国家知识创新体系与以企业为主体、市场为导向、产学研相结合的技术创新体系正在逐渐形成,中药物质基础研究以及中药化学成分指纹谱一效应谱的研究和制定将在新的机遇中蓬勃发展.在中药有效成分不可能完全研究清楚的现实条件下,中药材规范化种植/养殖研究已成为当务之急,由此带来中药农业发展新的契机.这是树立和落实可持续科学发展观的具体体现.     

半夏属植物蛋白质指纹图谱的凝胶电泳分析

采用PAGE及SDS-PAGE法,分析了绵阳本地半夏属植物圆叶半夏的5个居群、狭叶半夏5个居群和中间过渡型半夏2个居群及虎掌等几个品种,以及采自湖北、平武半夏样品的POD同工酶、可溶性蛋白谱带及不同样品的POD活性;在此基础上通过对块茎可溶性蛋白谱带的UPGMA聚类分析.对15个样品的亲缘关系进行了初步探讨.     

杨树种质SSR指纹数据库构建

[目的]构建林木种质资源指纹数据库是林木种质材料遗传鉴定的前提,也可为林木杂交育种提供清晰的遗传学背景.[方法]选取亲缘关系较远的8份杨树无性系材料筛选SSR引物,基于TP-M13-SSR技术进行SSR-PCR扩增,采用ABI3730XL毛细管电泳系统检测PCR扩增产物,利用GeneMarkerV1.91进行基因分型,...     

毕节特产珍稀药材圆珠半夏的HPLC指纹图谱分析

为毕节大方圆珠半夏质量标准的建立提供参考,采用HPLC法对10批不同产地及不同采收时间的圆珠半夏进行了指纹图谱研究。结果表明:测定的10批半夏样品有23个共有峰,共有峰面积为91.6%~95.8%,相对峰面积的RSD为0.12%~0.40%;共有峰的相对保留时间从0.182~1.810min,相对保留时间的RSD在0.02%~0.10%。结论,该方法具有良好的稳定性和重复性,可用于圆珠半夏化学成分分析。     

利用SCoT对甜菜种质资源的鉴定及遗传多样性分析

为了研究SCoT分子标记技术对甜菜种质资源鉴定的可行性。利用80条SCoT引物对48份甜菜种质资源进行鉴别,同时对种质资源进行了遗传多样性分析和亲缘关系的鉴定。结果表明,80条SCoT引物中有6条能够扩增出清晰、且多态性高的条带,分别为SCoT1、SCoT12、SCoT13、SCoT14、SCoT17和SCoT23,其中引物SCoT1、SCoT12、SCoT14和SCoT23单独使用均可鉴别全部的48份种质资源,引物SCoT13和SCoT17共同使用可以鉴别48个种质资源;聚类分析结果表明,在遗传距离0.15处,95.8%的种质资源均聚为一类,从分子角度上表明甜菜种质资源遗传距离较小。本研究为利用SCoT分子标记技术鉴别甜菜种质资源、对种质资源进行亲缘关系鉴定、杂交组合亲本选配以及分子标记辅助育种等提供相关科学依据。     

Spectrum-Effect Relationship Between High Performance Liquid Chromatography Fingerprints and Anticoccidial Activities of a Compound Chinese Medicine

Quality control and screening of active substances in traditional Chinese medicines have been performed using fingerprint analysis. The spectrum-effect relationship between chromatography fingerprints and efficacy of herbal drugs is considered as a potentially useful method for determining active ingredients in complex mixtures. The study was designed to develop a method for determining the bioactive components of a compound Chinese medicine called Tiefeng based on spectrum-effect relationships between high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） fingerprints and anticoccidial activities. Four peaks of the established HPLC fingerprint indicate the main bioactive components of this medicine. In addition, pharrnacodynamic atlas was defined and used to assess the anticoccidial activity of Tiefeng from different sources for the first time. We found that the level of anticoccidial activity of Tiefeng was consistent with the degree of similarity between the pharmacodynamic atlas and chromatogram of any sample. Furthermore, effect of this medicine was related with the main active constituents, along with the origin and the harvesting time.     

Impact of traditional soil burning (guie) on Planosol properties and land‐use intensification in south‐western Ethiopia

In the Gilgel Gibe catchment in Ethiopia, local farmers intensify land use on Planosols by adjusting a traditional soil burning practice known as guie. The burning practice used to be applied in a cycle of shifting cultivation. However, more recently, farmers burn small plots to make fertile seedbeds for Eucalyptus seedlings in the first year before these trees are transplanted to larger plots. The purpose of this research was to assess the physico‐chemical properties of Planosols that have been subjected to burning over the last 10 yrs and evaluate the contribution of guie to land‐use intensification of these soils. Transect studies and interviews of local farmers, followed by chemical, physical and micromorphological analyses of samples from selected plots were used to compare the soil properties of recently (0–2 yrs) and formerly (3–10 yrs) burnt Planosols with those of unburnt Planosols. The analytical results show that the burning practice improved nutrient availability in the first 2 yrs after guie. Increased amounts of exchangeable aluminium (Al) were reported in the long term. Charge fingerprints illustrate that the nutrient‐buffering capacity of the soil was high shortly after the practice but subsequently decreased with time. Given the population pressure on the formerly extensively used Planosols, it is argued that the current application of guie on small, localized plots for raising Eucalyptus seedlings is well adapted to the local socio‐economic context and promotes land‐use intensification on the Planosols. The increased exchangeable Al content of former Eucalyptus seedbeds merits further in‐depth research into the biophysical sustainability of the burning practice.     

Fingerprint of GBE by Microemulsion High Performance Thin-layer Chromatography

Twelve types of gingko flavonoids were separated with SDS/n -C4 HgOH/n- C7 Hls/H2O microernlusion as developer on polyamide film. The polarity of the microemulsion was regulated through adding or reducing water. Compared with general mobile phase, the sensitivity of detection was improved markedly and the test results were satisfied. By means of HPTLC, fingerprint was argued on gingko flavonoids. It can meet the needs of simple and convenient, reasonable standard quality control methods.     

Automatic Fingerprint Classification by GA-Based Neural Network

Fingerprint classification can provide an important indexing mechanism in a fingerprint database. An accurate and consistent classification can greatly reduce fingerprint matching time for large database. In the paper, by combining genetic algorithm and neural network is presented a fingerprint classification algorithm which is able to achieve an accurate classification. By inputting the global feature represented by directional image to three layer neural network trained by genetic algorithm, the fingerprints were classified into six categories: whorl, right loop, left loop, arch, double loop and undiscerning type successfully.