麻类纤维在非织造领域的应用

本文阐述了麻类纤维在我国非织造行业新用途的开发和拓展，对麻类纤维在非织造领域的利用符合国家农业可持续性发展的方向。     

Evaluation of Five Most Commonly Grown Cotton Cultivars (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Under Mediterranean Conditions: Productivity and Fibre Quality

Studies were conducted in four regions of central Greece (Larisa, Karditsa, Livadia, Thiva), to evaluate the productivity and fibre properties (fibre strength and fibre length) of the five most commonly grown cotton cultivars in these regions. The experiments lasted for 6 years (1995–2000). All the characteristics tested were strongly influenced by the factors ‘year’, ‘cultivar’ and ‘region’. Significant cultivar × region, year × cultivar, region × year and cultivar × region × year interactions occurred for all the characteristics studied. The cultivar Alegria had the highest seed‐cotton and lint yield, while Aria had the lowest ones. Both cultivars gave the highest mean lint percentage but the lowest mean boll weight (MBW). Alegria had the lowest fibre strength, while Aria had the highest. The Acala‐type cultivars, Acala SJ2 and Zeta 2, had intermediate seed‐cotton and lint yield, while Vered 171 had high seed‐cotton and satisfactory lint yield. The three cultivars mentioned above had the highest MBW and very good fibre strength. Positive correlation was observed between fibre strength and length. In spite of the fact that mean fibre length was statistically the same in all cultivars, it was influenced by the factor ‘year’, as a result of different weather conditions. The year 1996 was the most unfavourable one for seed‐cotton yield and MBW, because it was characterized by lower than average air temperatures and rather dry conditions for all study sites. The factor ‘region’, a combination of different climatic conditions and cultural practices, influenced significantly all the parameters studied.     

日粮纤维及其对幼龄单胃动物消化功能的影响

日粮纤维能提供大量的能量,而且有利于维持动物机体的正常消化功能。本文综述了日粮纤维的代谢及对幼龄单胃动物消化功能的影响。     

Association of a Geminivirus with a Leaf Curl Disease of Sunn Hemp (Crotalaria juncea) in India

Natural occurrence of a geminivirus causing severe leaf curl disease on sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea) was recorded in India. The association of a geminivirus with the disease was demonstrated by whitefly transmission tests and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of DNA fragments of expected sizes with three pairs of degenerate geminivirus primers. The PCR-amplified viral DNA fragments were further characterized by Southern hybridization with a geminivirus probe consisting of the cloned coat protein (CP) gene of Indian tomato leaf curl virus (ITLCV). Restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of a PCR-amplified CP fragment revealed that the geminivirus from sunn hemp was different than ITLCV.     

大麻鲜茎剥皮机的设计与试验

为了减轻大麻收获劳动强度、提高大麻鲜皮剥制效率,该研究根据大麻茎杆分枝多、皮骨结合紧密等特点,采取揉搓分离与梳理分离相结合的皮骨分离方法,设计出大麻鲜茎剥皮机。该样机主要由揉搓机构、梳理分离机构、纤维收集装置、传动系统、机架、行走装置等组成,样机具体结构紧凑、移动方便、皮骨分离能力强等特点。试验结果表明：样机的揉搓分离机构能够使大麻鲜茎破裂,皮骨初步分离;梳理分离机构能将揉搓后粘连在韧皮表面的大部分麻骨去除,起到梳理鲜皮上屑骨的作用。样机的鲜茎出皮率为10.90%～21.36%,剥净率为61.50%～78.33%,生产率为108.67～174.22 kg/h,纤维强度为4.90～5.61 cN/dtex,可实现大麻鲜茎的皮骨分离。     

基于交变应力的碳纤维杉木复合材蠕变性能研究

采用基于交变应力的抗弯试验方法对碳纤维杉木复合材在干、湿环境条件下的短期蠕变性能进行研究。结果表明：Burger模型可较精确地模拟复合材的短期弯曲蠕变性能;湿环境下复合材蠕变量显著大于干环境,温度及相对湿度是影响蠕变的重要因素;在应力变化周期为1h时,交变应力下蠕变量稍低于恒定应力水平,交变应力未加速蠕变的进程;在湿环境中高应力水平下复合材蠕变速率最大,较短时间便出现压溃破坏,在复合材设计应用时,应综合考虑环境状态及应力水平的影响,将应力水平极值控制在极限应力的40%以内。     

棉花纤维蛋白双向电泳体系的建立

[目的]探索一套适合于棉花纤维蛋白的双向电泳技术,为研究棉花纤维发育的蛋白质组学奠定基础.[方法]以陆地棉徐州142为材料,比较了三种不同蛋白质提取方法以及不同裂解液组成对双向电泳的影响,并在蛋白上样量和染色方法等方面进行了探索与优化.[结果]利用饱和酚-甲醇醋酸铵法提取的棉花纤维蛋白,其蛋白含量较高,且SDS-PAGE电泳条带清晰;样品溶解于含有硫脲和CHAPS的裂解液中,其蛋白溶解度增加;不同的蛋白上样量比较结果表明,第一向等电聚焦固相pH梯度胶条(7 cm)的最适上样量为300 μg;同时,经改良后的考马斯亮蓝染-脱色后,2-D图谱的背景清晰,分辨蛋白斑点数增加.[结论]研究建立了一套适用于棉花纤维蛋白总蛋白质组分析的双向电泳方法.     

黑龙江省中南部地区纤用工业大麻雨露沤制技巧

主要对黑龙江省中南部纤维用工业大麻雨露沤制方法展开介绍,从栽培品种及黑龙江省中南部地区气候特点出发,阐述了包括铺麻、沤麻、翻麻和捆麻以及沤成麻标准等雨露沤制的关键步骤及要求,为纤维用工业大麻地区生产提供参考.     

工业大麻割晒机的三维仿真设计

针对当前我国工业大麻割晒机研究现状与发展需求,运用三维软件UG设计了一款工业大麻割晒机,包括夹持输送机构、切割机构、传动机构、机架等。首先对星轮式拨禾机构、往复式切割器等零部件进行三维建模,然后根据各零部件之间的准确约束进行整机装配,并对样机各运转部件进行了干涉检查,仿真结果表明所设计的工业大麻割晒机符合农艺要求,并为后续的虚拟样机运动仿真、割台的结构优化奠定了良好的基础,提高了样机的研发速度。