小菜蛾、甜菜夜蛾的抗药性现状及治理对策

综述了长江流域小菜蛾、甜菜夜蛾对各类农药的抗性现状及其抗性治理对策,并针对田间小菜蛾、甜菜夜蛾常与其它害虫混发的特点,提出了具体的防治办法。     

甜菜夜蛾抗药性的研究进展

甜菜夜蛾是一种重要的农业害虫，其对许多杀虫剂都产生了抗药性。本文对甜菜夜蛾的抗药性发展状况及其抗药性机制进行综述，并总结了有效的抗性治理策略。     

Effect of three insect-resistant maizes expressing Cry1Ie,Cry1Ab/Cry2Aj and Cry1Ab on the growth and development of armyworm Mythimna separata(Walker)

Three transgenic maize events(IE09 S034, Shuangkang 12–5 and C0030.3.5) produced Cry1 Ie, Cry1 Ab/Cry2 Aj and G10-EPSPS, Cry1 Ab and EPSPS, respectively, all of which target the Asian corn borer. The oriental armyworm Mythimna separata(Walker) is the secondary target. In this study, the effects of the three Bt maizes on the development and survival of armyworm were studied. The results showed that IE09 S034 had insecticidal activity against 1 st instar larvae, and the survival rate of armyworm fed with Bt maize for 10 days was 46.2%, significantly lower than that of the control. The larvae at 3 rd–6 th instar were more tolerant of the Bt toxin than the early instar larvae. However, Shuangkang 12-5 had good insecticidal activity against 1 st–5 th instar larvae. The mortality was nearly 100% when the larvae were fed with Shuangkang 12-5 before 3 rd instar, and the toxin had quick-acting efficacy. This event significantly inhibited the development of armyworm; that is, the larval duration of the 3 rd and 4 th instar larvae fed with Shuangkang 12-5 was prolonged by 4.5 and 3.0 days, respectively. The pupal weight and egg number were also significantly lower than those of the control. For C0030.3.5, it could control 1 st–5 th instar larvae effectively. The mortality rates were all over 50% if 1 st–3 rd larvae were fed with this event. The pupal weight of 4 th–6 th instar larvae fed with Bt maize were only 53.9, 56.8 and 54.6%, respectively, compared to that of the control. The number of eggs laid was significantly less than the control. The results indicate that all three transgenic maize events exhibit the potential to provide effective control of early instar larvae of armyworm, which can be commercialized in future to control lepidoptera pests such as Asian corn borer and armyworm.     

草地贪夜蛾到底有多“贪”

草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda被认为是世界上最具破坏性的害虫之一。其巨大的破坏性主要源于其具有贪吃、贪育、贪婪、广适、耐药等特性。治"贪"就是要利用它的贪性发展出一系列的治理措施和技术,使得其贪性难以发挥,将其种群密度控制在经济为害水平以下,以保障作物生产和生态安全。     

种赤眼蜂对草地贪夜蛾卵的寄生能力研究

草地贪夜蛾是一种原产于美洲地区的多食性和迁飞性害虫。自2019年初入侵我国以来已蔓延至21个省（市、自治区）,对我国的玉米生产造成重大威胁。为探讨草地贪夜蛾的长效控制体系,我们考察了5种国内常见的赤眼蜂对草地贪夜蛾寄生能力的影响,同时选择寄生能力较好的2种赤眼蜂进行了驯化培养。结果显示在供试赤眼蜂中,松毛虫赤眼蜂对草地贪夜蛾卵的寄生能力最强,平均单雌可寄生20粒卵;碧岭赤眼蜂次之,平均单雌可寄生9.6粒卵;玉米螟赤眼蜂几乎不能寄生,平均单雌仅为1粒卵。对松毛虫赤眼蜂和碧岭赤眼蜂利用草地贪夜蛾卵驯化多代后发现松毛虫赤眼蜂的寄生能力无显著变化,而碧岭赤眼蜂经过4代驯化后有明显的提高,由平均单雌寄生9.6粒卵提高至13.4粒。综上所述,供试的5种赤眼蜂均可寄生草地贪夜蛾卵,其中以松毛虫赤眼蜂和碧岭赤眼蜂的寄生能力最强,通过多代驯化碧岭赤眼蜂对草地贪夜蛾卵的寄生能力具有提升的趋势,因此国内本土的赤眼蜂也具有防治草地贪夜蛾的潜力。     

中国草地贪夜蛾的防控策略

草地贪夜蛾2019年已经在中国南方和周边国家的热带、南亚热带地区完成定殖过程。自2020年起,将在春、夏两季随季风向北逐代迁移进入中国长江流域、黄河流域和东北小麦、玉米等重要农作物主产区发生为害,形成对国家粮食生产安全的长期性威胁。作者基于对草地贪夜蛾生物学习性和发生规律的认识,借鉴中国棉铃虫等重大农业害虫防控的经验教训,提出了中国草地贪夜蛾防控工作"两步走"策略。在近年内,实施以化学防治、物理防治、生物防治和农业防治为主的综合防治技术体系,旨在解决短期内生产上草地贪夜蛾为害的应急管控问题。然后通过现代农业信息技术和生物技术的创新与应用,力争在3～5年的时间内构建和实施以精准监测预警、迁飞高效阻截和种植Bt玉米为核心的综合防治技术体系,实现低成本、绿色可持续控制目标,满足中国农业生产高质量发展和社会生态文明建设的战略性需求。     

海南橡胶树棒孢霉落叶病菌毒素蛋白基因检测与致病性分析

Cassiicolin毒素蛋白是橡胶树棒孢霉落叶病菌的主要致病因子。本研究对分离自海南省5个市县的橡胶树棒孢霉落叶病菌进行了鉴定,形态学鉴定结合分子生物学鉴定结果表明,病原菌为多主棒孢。利用Cassiicolin毒素不同亚型编码基因特异性引物和菌饼活体接种法分别鉴定了分离菌株的毒素蛋白类型和致病性,结果显示,分离的35个菌株都含有Cas5基因,未发现含其他类型的毒素基因,表明海南橡胶树棒孢霉落叶病菌为含Cas5毒素蛋白优势群体;所有菌株对橡胶树品种‘RRIM600’都能够致病,但是在不同抗性品种上致病性存在一定差异。     

玉米大豆间作对玉米主要病虫害发生及其产量的影响

为明确玉米大豆间作模式对玉米主要病虫害发生及其产量的影响,利用2017-2018年2年的田间小区试验及2019年的大田试验,在作物生长期对亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis、东方黏虫Mythimna seperata和玉米大斑病等主要病虫害发生情况进行调查和统计分析,并于收获期对间作作物产量进行测定.结果...