生物的第六感浅析

在广泛文献检索的基础上,对第六感的定义、认知误区及存在的科学性等进行了探讨和综述,以期为人们正确认识及利用第六感提供资料。     

MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING CONTRAST ENHANCEMENT OF EXTRA‐OCULAR MUSCLES IN DOGS WITH NO CLINICAL EVIDENCE OF ORBITAL DISEASE

Enhancement of extra‐ocular muscles has been reported in cases of orbital pathology in both veterinary and medical magnetic resonance imaging. We have also observed this finding in the absence of orbital disease. The purpose of this retrospective study was to describe extra‐ocular muscle contrast enhancement characteristics in a group of dogs with no known orbital disease. Magnetic resonance images (MRI) from dogs with no clinical evidence of orbital disease and a reportedly normal MRI study were retrieved and reviewed. Contrast enhancement percentages of the medial, lateral, ventral, and dorsal rectus muscles were calculated based on signal‐to‐noise ratios that were in turn determined from hand‐traced regions of interest in precontrast, immediate postcontrast and 10‐min postcontrast scans. Comparison measurements were made in the pterygoid muscle. Contrast enhancement of the extra‐ocular muscles was observed in all patients (median contrast enhancement percentage 45.0%) and was greater than that of pterygoid muscle (median contrast enhancement percentage 22.7%). Enhancement of the extra‐ocular muscles persisted 10 min after contrast administration (median contrast enhancement percentage 43.4%). Findings indicated that MRI contrast enhancement of extra‐ocular muscles is likely normal in dogs.     

Extra small virus-like particles (XSV) and nodavirus associated with whitish muscle disease in the giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii

A disease of Macrobrachium rosenbergii, the giant freshwater prawn, farmed in China was recently recorded in Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Guangxi and Guangdong provinces. The clinical sign of the disease, which develops in post-larvae (PL), is a whitish appearance of the muscles, particularly noticeable in the abdomen. Mortalities may reach 100% in some hatcheries. Investigations by transmission electron microscopy after negative staining of diseased PL homogenates showed the presence of two types of viral particles: one, unenveloped, icosahedral in shape, 26-27 nm in diameter, the second, much smaller, about 14-16 nm in diameter, designated extra small virus particle (XSV). The large virus has a genome with two pieces of ssRNA (RNA-1 and RNA-2), of 3 and 1.2 kb, respectively. Hybridization tests confirmed that this large virus is closely related to M. rosenbergii nodavirus (MrNV) which was isolated from diseased prawns in a hatchery in the French West Indies. Its very small size and hypothesized biochemical and biological characteristics suggest XSV is a new type of crustacean virus. As XSV has always been found associated with the larger virus (nodavirus) and is located in muscle and connective cells of diseased animals, it could be an autonomous virus, a helper-type virus or a satellite-like virus.     

灰色系统理论在气温超长期预测中的应用

本文应用灰色系统理论,根据乌鲁木齐地区46年(1941—1986年)气温资料,建立了一套灰色动态模型,对未来33年气温趋势进行了研究,并用1981—86年资料进行验证,得到理想的结果,可为水稻、棉花、瓜类产量预测及制定农业规划提供科学依据。     

大兴安岭林区重特大森林火灾扑救时限预测模型构建研究

针对内蒙古大兴安岭林区重特大森林火灾发生频、损失大、危害重、扑救难等特点,在分析影响其发生、蔓延与扑救的主要因子基础上,运用多元线性回归方法,构建重特大森林火灾扑救多元线性回归、预测灭火时限的经验统计模型,经回归拟合和预测检验,其平均相对误差小于8.60%.该模型可为内蒙古大兴安岭林区重特大森林火灾扑救时限预测与决策提供科学的参考依据.     

特细砂混凝土的研究进展

砂是混凝土的重要组成成分。目前我国中砂和粗砂的产量已经逐渐不能满足建筑需求,而特细砂给建筑行业带来了新的曙光,亟需将特细砂资源的潜在价值挖掘出来。对国内外特细砂混凝土的研究情况进行系统论述,并展望特细砂混凝土的发展前景,以期为新的建筑材料的开发提供参考。     

温度对阿魏侧耳胞外酶活性及原基形成的影响

[目的]研究不同温度处理对阿魏侧耳菌丝胞外酶活力和原基形成的影响,为生产中阿魏菇生长发育的调控和高效栽培提供参考依据.[方法]以阿魏侧耳(CGMCC 5.00774)为菌种,采用棉籽壳、麸皮、玉米粉为培养料培养菌丝至生理成熟,分别进行5、10和15℃低温处理(对照处理25℃),于第5、10、15、20、25和30d取样测定培养料中菌丝羧甲基纤维素酶(CMC酶)、半纤维素酶(HC酶)、淀粉酶、漆酶、蛋白酶的活力,观察各处理原基形成情况.[结果]与对照组相比,5、10、15℃低温处理后CMC酶和HC酶活力降低,漆酶、淀粉酶、蛋白酶活力则一直高于对照组.5℃处理25和30 d及10℃处理25和30 d的样品出现原基,其他处理均未出现原基.[结论]低温处理能引起菌丝胞外酶活力的变化,阿魏侧耳原基分化的最适低温处理条件是10℃,25 d.     

Development of a multiroute physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for orbifloxacin in rabbits

To predict the orbifloxacin concentrations in rabbits after multiple routes of administration, a flow‐limited multiroute physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was developed. Three routes of administration (IV, IM, and PO) were incorporated into this model. Physiological parameters including tissue weights and blood flows through different tissues were obtained from the literature. The tissue/plasma partition coefficients (P_Xs) for noneliminating tissues were calculated according to the area method, while the P_Xs for kidney and the rest of the body compartment, together with other parameters for absorption and elimination, were optimized based on the published concentrations. The comparisons between predicted and observed orbifloxacin concentrations proved its validity, and the present model predicted available concentration data well, including those in liver, kidney, muscle, lung, heart, and plasma after oral, intravenous, or intramuscular administration. A local sensitivity analysis was also performed, which showed that the parameters for oral absorption were most influential on the orbifloxacin concentrations. This model was used to predict plasma and tissue concentrations after multiple oral or intramuscular administration. This study demonstrated the feasibility of predicting drug residues in minor species after multiple routes of administration in the extra‐label manner using the PBPK modeling.