国外松芽流脂病发生与防治

近年来,浙江省局部地区国外松纯林受芽流脂病危害较为严重.通过定点现察、分离培养、光镜检查、电镜现察、微量元素测定和用硼砂防治罹病松树等方法,基本查清国外松芽流脂病在浙江省的发生情况,明确了国外松芽流脂病的3种症状顶芽枯死型、丛枝型和枯梢型.国外松芽流脂病是由于松树自身和土壤中的微量元素--有效硼含量不足引起的生理性病害.用喷洒3.0g@kg-1或5.0g@kg-1硼砂溶液防治该病效果显著,防治区病情指数与对照相比平均下降38.5,松树的年平均高生长量也比对照大14.8cm.表4参4     

棉田黄萎病菌致病型结构初步研究

棉花黄萎病是棉花生产中的主要病害之一,广泛分布于世界各产棉国.控制该病的猖獗危害,已成为棉花生产可持续发展的主要问题[1].利用不同抗性的棉花品种对棉黄萎病菌的选择作用,从棉田中分离获得不同的黄萎病菌菌系,在温室中采用2个抗病性差异明显的品种对其致病力进行测定,以明确同一块棉田是否存在不同致病力菌系.     

大唼蜡甲人工大量饲养的主要影响因素及其控制

通过对从比利时引进的红脂大小蠹Dendroctonus valens捕食性天敌-大唼蜡甲Rhizophagus grandis Gyll.5年的室内大量饲养,对影响该天敌的产卵量、生长发育和羽化的主要生物因子和环境条件等进行了深入研究。对发现的影响其正常繁殖和生长发育的主要有害生物进行了外部形态、为害特点及控制进行了初步的研究,成虫平均羽化率从2003年的29.61%上升到了2004年的76.03%。研究表明,大唼蜡甲室内大量饲养的主要影响因子有:两种寄生螨(Proclaelapssp.和Histiostomasp.)、球孢白僵菌Beauveria bassiana、种群退化和温湿度条件。严格的卫生条件、病原生物的有效控制和种群复壮是保证大唼蜡甲群体饲养成功的关键。     

外来入侵生物研究新动态

本文从外来入侵物种相关法规及信息管理体系的建立、入侵机制的研究、控制技术的研究、外来有害生物的检疫鉴定与除害处理、风险分析标准化与定量化、风险预测模式的建立等6个方面阐述了外来入侵生物研究动态。     

不同生境小花山桃草自然种群表型变异与协变

小花山桃草自然种群的表型特征是其对自然生境适应的结果,不同生境种群间表型特征的比较可为揭示其表型变异产生的原因及变异规律提供重要线索。本研究以分布于不同生境的5个小花山桃草自然种群为研究对象,研究了16个表型性状的变化特点。研究结果表明,小花山桃草表型多样性较为丰富,表型性状的平均变异系数为36.30%。表型分化系数在26.85%~96.98%之间,平均为73.03%,表明种群间变异是小花山桃草表型变异的主要来源。不同性状对环境变化的反应不同,其中株高、茎粗、单株果数和比叶面积在种群内的差异不显著,而在种群间的差异达到极显著水平,表型分化系数达82%以上;节间距、叶宽、主根长、分枝数、果长和果宽在种群间和种群内的差异均达极显著水平;单果种子数和单果重在种群内和种群间的差异均不显著。株高、茎粗、叶长、叶宽、茎重、叶重、主根重和单株果数表现出一致的协变格局,生理功能性状之间的这种整合特性有助于小花山桃草适应多样的生境。聚类分析显示,5个种群可按生境条件的好坏分为两大类,进一步表明小花山桃草的表型特征受种群间环境条件(水、肥)强烈影响。绝大多数表型性状与生境因子存在显著或极显著的相关关系,但果实性状(包括果宽、单果重和单果种子数)与生境因子相关性低,进一步表明繁殖性状不易受环境条件影响。     

2013～2014年我国进境货物疫情分析与建议

本文对2013~2014年我国进境货物检疫截获情况进行了分析,发现检疫截获昆虫较多、其他有害生物相对较少,有害生物鉴定等级较低,首次截获有害生物风险评估与检疫处理制度不完善以及某些国家(如巴西、阿根廷、所罗门群岛、喀麦隆)批次截获率明显高于其他国家等情况,并提出了合理化建议,以期对未来植物检疫工作提供参考。     

Effect of Prosopis (mesquite) invasion and clearing on vegetation cover in semi-arid Nama Karoo rangeland,South Africa

The Nama-Karoo is the largest of the three biomes that comprise the semi-arid Karoo-Namib ecoregion of southern Africa. Large tracts of Nama-Karoo rangeland have been invaded by alien leguminous trees of the genus Prosopis. We assessed the impact of Prosopis invasion and clearing on vegetation cover in heavily grazed Nama-Karoo rangeland on two sheep farms in the Beaufort West district of the Western Cape province of South Africa. Our results suggest that, below critical threshold cover levels, Prosopis trees do not affect indigenous vegetation and add to overall rangeland vegetation cover. However, once Prosopis cover exceeds critical thresholds, the trees begin to negatively impact on indigenous vegetation (especially grasses) and overall vegetation cover. In addition, our data suggest that vegetation cover recovers after Prosopis clearing, being temporarily higher than pre-invasion levels possibly as a result of enhanced post-invasion soil fertility. Lastly, our results suggest that Prosopis trees reduce rangeland erosion potential at low cover and increase it after they exceed critical threshold cover. Information about thresholds of Prosopis impact can be used to direct clearing efforts for maximum benefit when resources are limited.     

欧盟、美国和日本加工农产品中农药残留评估现状

本文介绍了欧盟、美国和日本评估加工农产品中农药残留的数据要求和试验准则,以及开展膳食摄入风险评估和推荐农药最大残留限量(MRL)的方法,汇总了用于农药残留评估的加工农产品及其分类,分析了加工农产品中农药MRL制定现状,为进一步提高我国相关领域技术提供借鉴。比较分析结果表明,欧盟和美国在农药登记资料要求中明确提出了加工试验数据要求并且制定了相应的试验准则,美国在试验准则中描述了加工农产品中农药MRL的推荐原则;美国和日本制定了一定数量的加工农产品中农药MRL,欧盟建立了适用于监管农药MRL的加工因子数据库;欧盟、美国和日本均在相关法规中规定了加工农产品中农药残留的合规性判定。     

Development and evaluation of an anatomically designed and 3D printed device to enhance orotracheal intubation success in rabbits by inexperienced veterinarians

ObjectiveTo assess whether the use of a three-dimensional (3D) printed device enhances the success rate of orotracheal intubation in rabbits.Study designProspective, crossover randomized controlled trial.AnimalsA total of six mixed-breed rabbits.MethodsA device to guide the endotracheal tube was designed based on computed tomography images and then manufactured using 3D printing. Rabbits were randomly assigned for intubation by two inexperienced veterinarians using the blind (BLI), borescope- (BOR) or device- (DEV) guided techniques. Success rate, number of attempts, time to success, injury scores and propofol dose were recorded and compared. Significance was considered when p < 0.05.ResultsSuccess rate was higher in DEV (58.3%) than in BLI (8.3%) (p < 0.023), but not different from that in BOR (41.6%). Total time until successful intubation was lower in DEV (45 ± 23 seconds) and BOR (85 ± 62 seconds) than in BLI (290 seconds; p < 0.006). Time for the successful attempt was lower for DEV (35 ± 10 seconds) and BOR (74 ± 43 seconds) than in BLI (290 seconds; p < 0.0001). The propofol dose required was lower for DEV (2.3 ± 1.2 mg kg^–1) than for BLI (3.4 ± 1.6 mg kg^–1) (p < 0.031), but not different from BOR (2.4 ± 0.9 mg kg^–1). Number of attempts and oxygen desaturation events were not different among techniques (p < 0.051 and p < 0.326, respectively). Injury scores [median (range)] before and after attempts were different in BLI [0 versus 1 (0–3), p < 0.005] and BOR [0 (0–1) versus 1 (0–3), p < 0.002] but not in DEV [0 (0–2) versus 0 (0–3), p < 0.109].Conclusions and clinical relevanceThe device facilitated orotracheal intubation with a time similar to the borescope-guided technique but faster than the traditional blind technique.     

近红外技术(NIR)在小麦商品粮收购中的应用研究

利用近红外谷物品质分析仪 (Perten DA910 0 ) ,对陕西省某县 6 2 4户农民 2 0 0 0年夏季上缴粮库的公购粮进行现场品质分析。结果认为 :人工主观评定的商品粮等级与其蛋白质含量、水分含量、硬度、沉淀值、烘烤体积无显著相关性 ;近红外谷物品质分析仪 (Perten DA910 0 )完全能够满足粮库验粮的需要 ;小麦籽粒硬度、蛋白质含量是商品粮收购定级的重要指标