含刚性沉水植物明渠水流结构的试验研究

【目的】得到含刚性沉水植物明渠的水流结构。【方法】采用粒子图像测速仪(PIV),用有机玻璃棒模拟刚性植物,在不同来水流量、植物密度条件下对明渠水流结构进行了试验研究。【结果】无植物时平均流速沿垂向呈对数分布规律,有植物时则呈现明显的分区分布特性。无植物时紊动强度值沿垂向变化不大,有植物时在植物顶端位置处紊动最剧烈。流量或植物密度越大,植物顶端位置的流速梯度就越大,植物层上方的流速最大值也越大。植物密度越大,植物顶端位置的紊动强度越大,植物密度对水流紊动强度由最大值减小到最小值的区域影响很大。【结论】刚性沉水植物的存在会改变水流结构,增强紊动掺混,增强流体质点交换和能量传递,且上述影响会随着流量或植物密度的增大而增强。     

桃蚜电压门控钠离子通道基因cDNA克隆及其生物信息学分析

克隆获得桃蚜电压门控钠离子通道基因cDNA序列，明确钠离子通道的典型特征，为研究桃蚜抗性分子机理奠定基础。采用实验技术主要有RT-PCR和PCR，克隆桃蚜钠离子通道基因cDNA序列，利用相关软件对其序列进行生物信息学分析。克隆得到两段cDNA序列MpNa_v-1（NCBI登录号：MN124170）和MpNa_v-2（NCBI登录号：MN176136）。MpNa_v-1长度为2945 bp，包括2877 bp的完整开放阅读框，共编码958个氨基酸；MpNa_v-2长度为3546 bp，包括3486 bp的完整开放阅读框，共编码1161个氨基酸。MpNa_v-1和MpNa_v-2共同组成桃蚜的钠离子通道α亚基，MpNa_v-1包含同源结构域Ⅰ和同源结构域Ⅱ，MpNa_v-2包含同源结构域Ⅲ和同源结构域Ⅳ。同源比对发现，桃蚜与豌豆蚜和高粱蚜钠离子通道基因相似度分别高达97.67%和97.65%，所克隆序列包含昆虫钠离子通道α亚基典型特征，具有MFM模块，并含有蚜虫类钠通道特有模块DENS。成功地克隆桃蚜钠离子通道基因，为阐明其对拟除虫菊酯类药剂产生靶标抗性的分子机制奠定基础。     

双重关系——社会工作中专业关系的伦理困境

伦理是社会工作中的重要议题。在实务领域中，当社会上作者与案主不单是两者之间的专业关系，而产生了朋友、雇主、师生、商业伙伴甚至性伙伴等关系的时候，他就陷入了双重关系的困境。文章从美国社会工作伦理守则历次修订对此的限制入手。完整介绍双重关系的定义与分类，并提出处理双重关系的办法与建议。     

导入热带基因后温带玉米自交系的RAPD分析

利用 RAPD分析，可以确定热带、亚热带基因导入温带材料所形成的创新材料的亲缘关系，并对基因导入结果进行检测。     

现浇砼U型节水渠道的裂缝成因及防止措施

针对现浇砼U型渠道施工及运行管理中出现的纵横向裂缝的危害进行了分析，提出了控制裂缝发育的措施方法。     

宽带网络技术——ADSL

ADSL，即非对称数字用户线路，是xDSL（DSL的统称）技术中最成熟的一种。对ADSL做了如下几方面的简单阐述：ADSL技术及特点、工作原理及标准、ADSL的应用和商业发展及未来、ADSL与传统MODEM、ISDN、DDN、CABLE MODEM的区别。     

二元Hamming码Ham(r,2)及其对偶码的性质研究

Hamming码Ham(r,q)作为一种完备的线形分组码,具有许多良好的性质,并且其译码方法非常简洁有效。在此基础上,对二元Hamming码Ham(r,2)及对偶码进行了进一步的研究,讨论了其对偶码所具有的几个性质。     

Action of deltamethrin on N-type (Cav2.2) voltage-sensitive calcium channels in rat brain

Isolated presynaptic nerve terminals prepared from whole rat brain were used to evaluate the action of deltamethrin on voltage-sensitive calcium channels by measuring calcium influx and endogenous glutamate release. Deltamethrin-enhanced K⁺-stimulated calcium influx and subsequent Ca²⁺-dependent glutamate release. The effect of deltamethrin was concentration-dependent, stereospecific, blocked by ω-conotoxin MVIIC but unaltered in the presence of tetrodotoxin. These results suggest that N-type voltage-sensitive calcium channels are a site of action at the presynaptic nerve terminal. Electrophysiological studies were carried out using rat brain Ca_v2.2 and β₃ subunits coexpressed in Xenopus oocytes to validate such action. Deltamethrin reduced barium peak current in a concentraion-dependent and stereospecific manner, increased the rate of activation, and prolonged the inactivation rate of this channel. These experiments support the conclusion that N-type voltage-sensitive calcium channel operation is altered by deltamethrin.     

Influences of chronic hypoxia on the gene expression of Kv1.3,Kv2.1 and Kv3.1 induced by acute hypoxia in PASMC of rats

AIM and METHODS: Total RNA was extracted from 6th rat subcultured pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells(PASMC) exposed to continual chronic hypoxia or normoxia and the effects of chronic hypoxia on the changes of Kv1.3,Kv2.1,Kv3.1 mRNA in cultured PASMC induced by acute hypoxia were studied by semiquantitative RT-PCR in vitro. RESULTS:①Kv1.3,Kv2.1,Kv3.1 genes were found to be expressed in PASMC of rats exposed either to hypoxia or normxia.②The expression of Kv2.1 and Kv3.1 in 6th subcultured of PASMC in normaxia group could be upregulated by exposure to acute hypoxia,the levels of Kv2.1 and Kv3.1 mRNA were significantly increased from 0.646±0.092, 0.782±0.104 to 1.059±0.134, 0.985±0.116,respectively (P<0.01,n=5). ③PASMC cultured continuously in chronic hypoxia for 6 subcultures and then exposed to normoxia for 12 h,thereafter the expression of Kv2.1 and Kv3.1 were downregulated by acute hypoxia for 6 hours.The level of Kv2.1 mRNA was significantly decreased from 1.008±0.117 to 0.649±0.097 (P<0.01,n=5). CONCLUSION:Kv2.1,Kv3.1 genes might be oxygen sensitive genes.Chronic hypoxia might change the response of these Kv genes of PASMC to acute hypoxia and down-regulate its expression,which might probably decrease the role of Kv in HPV.     

Changes of Ca2＋ activated potassium channels and cellular-proliferation in autogenous vein grafts

AIM: To investigate changes of Ca^2＋ activated potassium channels (K_Ca) in autogenous vein grafts. METHODS: The contraction of venous ring was measured by means of perfusion in vitro. The intimal proliferation and proliferation of cultured smooth muscle cells (vascular smooth muscle cells, VSMCs) were observed by the means of computerised image analysis and MTT method, respectively. Furthermore, whole cell mode of patch clamp was used to record K_Ca of VSMCs isolated from autogenous vein grafts. RESULTS: 1 week after transplantation there were no significant differences of contraction and intimal relative thickness between autogenous vein grafts and control. Contraction and intimal relative thickness of autogenous vein graft were significantly increased 2 weeks after transplantation (P＜0.05, n=8 vs control), and they were more enhanced 4 weeks after vein transplantation (P＜0.01, n=8 vs control). TEA (blocker of Ca^2＋ activated potassium channels) increased MTT A₄₉₀ value of VSMCs from femoral vein in a dose-dependent manner (P＜0.05, n=8). K_Ca current density was significantly attenuated in VSMCs from autogenous vein grafts 1-4 weeks after transplantation (P＜0.05, n=5). CONCLUSION: K_Ca was inhibited in autogenous vein graft, which accounted for vasospasm and intimal proliferation.