中文图书回溯建库中常见的书目数据质量问题及对策

本文对中文图书回溯建库过程中一些常见质量问题进行了举证说明 ,分析了产生错误的原因 ,并针对存在的问题提出了相应的对策 ,以确保书目数据的质量     

An Introduction to an Application Software Frarpe Work for Object-Oriented Client /Server

This paper presents the lately released frame work for Client / Server applica-tions software development, stressing on the characteristics of its OOP and Multi-DataBase supports.     

基于JMS的森林资源分布式异构数据库间数据同步的研究

针对分布式网络环境下异构数据库间数据同步的问题,提出了一种基于JMS的数据同步方法,并对该方法实现过程中涉及到的关键技术进行了研究。     

Progress in mapping agronomic genes in apple (The European Apple Genome Mapping Project)

Summary The progress of the European Apple Genome Mapping Project is described. Populations segregating for a range of agronomic genes have been established in six European countries. The need for robust methods of analysis has been identified, especially with regard to the development of molecular markers. Isozyme systems, RAPDs, RFLPs and amplified genes are being used to construct a reference genetic linkage map. Standardisation and precise definition of both genotypic and phenotypic measurements has been recognised as being essential for future exploitation of genetic markers in apple breeding. Phenotypic measurements are being replicated in different geographical locations over several years. Statistical and genetic analyses are aimed at defining components of genetic variation which account for ‘genes’, as defined by apple breeders. A relational database is being constructed which will combine disparate sources of data relating to the genetics of apple. Comparative mapping has been identified as an efficient means of expanding genetic knowledge within and between Rosaceae genomes.     

Using compiled species lists to make biodiversity comparisons among regions: A test case using Oregon butterflies

We explore two methods that correct for differential sampling effort when estimating the true number of species in a region based on samples such as those typically recorded in museum or conservation databases. The two methods are: (1) a phenomenological model that relies on a saturating sampling curve; and (2) a model based on a lognormal distribution of species abundances. We test these methods using a database for the butterflies of Oregon and find that the distribution of high-diversity areas, using the estimated, or “asymptotic”, diversities, is strikingly different from the geographic pattern one would deduce if the raw data were used, without correcting for differential sampling effort. Further, we show that differences in accuracy exist between the two estimation procedures, and that these differences are aggravated at small sample sizes; we argue that estimates based on the lognormal distribution should be preferred because they can offer substantial improvement over analyses based solely on the raw data, generally without risking overestimation. Lastly, using both the database and estimated values of butterfly diversity, we show that the distribution of endangered and numerically rare butterflies rarely coincides with “hotspots” or centers of biodiversity. Thus, protecting regions of Oregon rich in overall butterfly diversity will not normally protect the bulk of rare or endangered butterfly species.     

Carbon and nitrogen stocks in the soils of Central and Eastern Europe

Abstract. Soil organic carbon and total nitrogen stocks are presented for Central and Eastern Europe. The study uses the soil geographic and attribute data held in a 1:2 500 000 scale Soil and Terrain (SOTER) database, covering Belarus, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova, Poland, Romania, the Russian Federation (west of the Urals), Slovakia, and Ukraine. Means and coefficients of variation for soil organic carbon and total nitrogen are presented for each major FAO soil grouping. The mean content of organic carbon, to a depth of 1 m, ranges from 3.9 kg C m^–2 for coarse textured Arenosols to 72.9 kg C m^–2 for poorly drained Histosols. Mean carbon content for the mineral soils, excluding Arenosols, is 15.8 kg C m^–2. The top 1 m of soil holds 110 Pg C (Pg=10¹⁵ g), which corresponds to about 7% of the global stock of soil organic carbon. About 44% of this carbon pool is held in the top 0.3 m of the soil, the layer that is most prone to be changed by changes in soil use and management. About 166 million ha in Central and Eastern Europe have been degraded by compaction, erosion of topsoil, fertility decline and crusting. The achievable level of carbon sequestration for these soils, upon adoption of 'best' management practices or restorative measures, is estimated.     

Sensitivity to information upscaling of agro-ecological assessments: Application to soil organic carbon management

Upscaling of agro-ecological indicators applied in regional analyses is sensitive to scale issues of the input data. This study develops a methodology to quantify this sensitivity for an indicator of soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics at the farming system level. A reference case consists of seven fully described farms in northern Italy. Both upscaling in complexity by substituting measured input with estimated input and upscaling in space by extending the methods to farms not included in the reference case are addressed. The indicator increased with 3-107% at four farms after substituting measured management input with that estimated by an expert, whereas it remained unchanged or decreased at the other three farms. Taking the modal value from a cluster of pedological input did not lead to additional uncertainty in most cases, and only slightly increased it in others. We evaluated spatial upscaling by including 733 farms divided in 18 clusters that were described with less information as compared to the reference farms. Within each cluster, we observed relevant variability of the indicator (coefficients of variation of 12-43%), as a consequence of the heterogeneity of farms comprised in each cluster. In each cluster we calculated the indicator for one virtual farm, defined by using modal values for basic farm inputs. In this case the indicator was highly correlated (R² = 0.98) with the average of the values obtained using measured basic farm inputs. We conclude that upscaling in complexity and space introduces uncertainty in the values of the indicator compared to the reference case. The extent of such differences depends on the variability of the systems under analysis and on indicator sensitivity.     

医学专题数据库的开发

分析了网上信息服务的特点和目前网络信息服务的模式，论述了医学专题数据库建设的必要性，重点讨论了医学专题数据库的建设思路和实现方法。

     

世界三大农业数据库对我国林业高校论文收录的分析与研究

利用CABI、AGRIS、AGRICOLA三大农业数据库,对我国6所林业高校30年被收录的论文数量、学科论文分布、源期刊分布等进行了统计和分析,提出了我国林业高校应加强与世界林业领域的交流与合作,设立科研人员综合评价指标体系等措施以提高我国林业高校科研水平的建议.     

单向性模型下的主题数据库聚合性分析

对主题数据库技术中的亲合性分析方法进行研究，基于单向性模型对该分析方法进行了改进．提出用聚合性分析方法研究主题数据库技术，并用实体之间的聚合度来分析主题数据库，通过聚合性矩阵建立主题数据库，能较为清楚地反映实体之间的相关性和趋向性．通过实例对实体之间的相关性进行了分析，表明实体聚合度的提出简化了分析过程，利用聚合性矩阵可以更清楚地观察到实体关系的紧密程度，聚合性分析方法有利于理解和分析实体关系，达到清晰实体关系和简化计算的效果．