Beaver dams,streamflow complexity,and the distribution of a rare minnow,Lepidomeda copei

Freshwater fishes are threatened globally, and often too little is known about threatened species to effectively guide their conservation. Habitat complexity is linked to fish species diversity and persistence, and degraded streams often lack habitat complexity. Beaver Castor spp., in turn, have been used to restore streams and increase habitat complexity. The northern leatherside chub Lepidomeda copei is a rare, small‐bodied, drift‐feeding minnow that has anecdotally been observed to use complex habitats associated with beaver dams in the western United States. To investigate this anecdote, we conducted fish and habitat surveys, the latter focusing on quantifying habitat complexity, in a sub‐basin of the Upper Snake River Basin in the USA. Complementary generalised linear model and path analyses revealed that northern leatherside chub occurred more often at sites with complex streamflows, and streamflows were more complex when beaver dams were present and pools were deeper. Northern leatherside chubs were also more likely to occur when temperatures were warmer, aquatic macrophytes were abundant and stream channels were narrow and deep. The linkage between chubs, complex streamflows and beaver dams needs to be evaluated more broadly to completely understand its role in the rangewide status of the species. However, it does suggests that increased use of beaver reintroductions and dam analogues for stream restoration could be a boon for the northern leatherside chub, but such efforts should be monitored to determine their effectiveness to help adapt beaver‐based restoration approaches to best benefit the species.     

黄土丘陵沟壑区人工农田土壤钾素特征研究

通过土样分析,利用统计分析法系统研究了黄土丘陵沟壑区人工农地——坝地和梯田的土壤钾素含量、相关性、垂直和时空分异特征。研究结果表明:坝地和梯田钾素分布严重失衡;表层速效钾平均含量坝地属"中等",梯田属"缺乏";表层全钾平均含量坝地属"较高",梯田为"中等";缓效钾平均是速效钾的7.58倍(坝地)和11.06倍(梯田),但转化率较低;矿物钾平均占全钾的95.71%(坝地)和95.16%(梯田),却难以被作物利用。土壤各形态钾素间都呈极显著正相关,并受土壤有机质、CEC、pH值和颗粒组成的影响。表层与下层间的速效钾、坝地和梯田间的缓效钾都有极显著差异,但黄土母质土壤钾素整体分布均一;坝地速效钾沿剖面向下含量增加,且整体高于梯田;坝地因高耗钾作物玉米而导致缓效钾含量低于梯田。土壤有效性钾、速效钾和缓效钾在时间动态上都表现为先增后降,分水岭年限坝地约在40 a,梯田约在30 a。     

基于布谷鸟搜索算法优化LSTM的大坝变形预测

对大坝变形进行合理分析和准确预测是确保大坝安全运行的重要手段.大坝变形监测数据具有趋势性、周期性、随机性和非线性等特性,现有的机器学习模型大都基于大坝变形监测数据的非线性特点进行构建,而忽略了监测数据还具有趋势性和周期性的线性特征.提出了一种大坝变形预测模型,通过采用布谷鸟搜索算法(CS)对长短期记忆人工神经网络(LSTM)进行优化,再基于物联网传感器的实时监测数据,使用局部加权回归的周期趋势分解方法(STL)将数据分解成趋势分量、周期分量和余项分量,采用优化后的LSTM模型对趋势分量和余项分量分别进行预测,并通过简单周期估计方法进行计算,将3个分量的预测结果求和后得到最终变形预测结果.试验选取浙江利山水库开展变形预测研究,结果表明：STL-CS-LSTM模型的水平和沉降变形预测精度都高于其他模型,水平位移预测精度由高到低依次为LSTM模型、支持向量回归模型SVR和人工神经网络模型ANN,沉降预测精度由高到低依次为ANN模型、LSTM模型、SVR模型.     

砌石拱坝加高倍厚的三维接触仿真

对砌石拱坝的加高倍厚中新、老坝体结构面，用有限元软件ANSYS结合接触理论进行计算，并分析结果得出：温升、水压力和淤沙压力使结合面上的接触压力增大，从而接触摩擦应力较大，有利于结合面的结合，而结合面在温降的作用下有脱离的趋势。     

Physical simulation of fluid field and structure optimization in two-strand tundish

The influence of the structure and location of dam and weir on fluid flow state in a two-strand tundish is studied, and a set of optimal structure, combining with the average residence time calculated from RTD curve, is obtained. The result indicates that the fluid flow state can be changed and the path of the fluid flow can be prolonged as well as the average residence time is improved after using dam and weir. But there are some dead zones after fluid passed through the dam and weir. Combination scheme of No. one dam and weir is better than the others. Its average residence time is 299 s and the volume fraction of dead zone is 31.0%. After the optimization of flowing control parameters in tundish, the best case is that the distance between dam and weir is 290 mm and the distance between weir and the long nozzle is 383 mm. The longest average residence time is 351 s and the minimum volume fraction of dead zone is 19.0% under the above situation. Compared with that of no dam and weir, the average residence time increases by 65 s and the dead zone volume fraction decreases by 15.0%. Based on Newton formula, the calculated results show that the inclusions with diameter larger than 17.5 μm can float up within 351 s under this optimization situation.     

论碾压混凝土坝上游面喷丙乳砂浆的防渗作用

碾压混凝土具有施工速度快，水泥用量少，投资省等明显的优点。国内的理论研究和工程实践都取得了突飞猛进的进展，在防渗问题方面也进行了卓有成效的探索，如福建省几座已建成的碾压混凝土坝均采用不同的防渗类型。文章结合福建省重点工程连江山仔水利枢纽工程碾压混凝土坝的施工情况，介绍了能够充分发挥碾压混凝土坝快速施工特点的悬臂钢模、改性混凝土的施工方法，论述了喷丙乳砂浆作为碾压混凝土坝上游主防渗体与这一施工特点相统一所具有的优越性。     

爆破溃副坝的流量过程线计算方法及其应用

在考虑特定水库的入流、库容特性及阻力、泄洪特性的基础上 ,按照水量平衡与输沙平衡原理 ,提出副坝逐渐溃决的流量过程线的 1种新的计算方法 ,该方法被用于某水库安全问题的研究 ,结果表明该方法是切实可行的。     

基于BIM技术与B/S架构的大坝安全可视化监测系统

为了实现大坝整体结构、安全监测测点布置及监测成果的可视化展示功能,并且能够及时、准确地掌握大坝运行状态和异常情况,以甘再碾压混凝土重力坝为例,对传统大坝安全监测系统存在的问题进行了深入的分析与解答,并围绕问题提出了可视化的大坝安全监测系统思想,利用Revit、Dynamo、Civil3D等主流BIM软件建立了大坝主体结构及监测点的模型族库,集成了大坝及监测系统的三维可视化BIM模型.借用于BIMFACE平台轻量化技术、PHP脚本语言和MySQL数据库等现代化信息技术,开发出基于B/S架构的甘再大坝安全可视化系统,实现了BIM模型的Web轻量化展示,可通过客户端浏览器在三维模型中直观查看大坝结构、监测仪器信息以及监测点时程曲线变化等内容.通过本系统的应用,大大提高了大坝运行期间安全监测的可视化管理水平,同时对传统的大坝安全监测系统提出了现代化的建立方式与思想.     

整体式碾压混凝土重力坝的抗滑稳定性分析

文章采用三维弹塑性力学有限元法对整体式碾压混凝土重力坝的应力和抗滑稳定性进行了计算分析，并与刚体极限平衡法的计算结果进行了比较。结果说明，整体式碾压混凝土重力坝的应力和稳定条件较好，狭谷中的中低坝采用整体式碾压混凝土重力坝，具有明显的经济效益，在采取了严格的温控措施后，可推广采用。     

云龙河拱坝施工过程的三维有限元

采用三维弹塑性非线性有限元法，对云龙河拱坝施工过程的实际浇筑、封拱和水库蓄水过程的坝体应力及变形进行了仿真分析，同时分析了施工过程的坝肩层间错层带的变形。计算结果表明施工过程的坝体变形较小，坝体有限元等效应力满足规范要求，坝肩层间错层带错动变形很小，说明大坝结构设计合理，坝肩无错动危险。计算成果为工程项目的实施提供了技术依据，同时对类似工程分析具有借鉴作用。