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排序方式: 共有102条查询结果,搜索用时 343 毫秒
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[目的]阐明多穗柯主要药用活性成分与矿质元素的种源遗传变异规律.[方法]对设置在江西省分宜县多穗柯全分布区的5个种源试验林植株叶部根皮苷、三叶苷、总黄酮、有机碳、氮、磷和钾元素含量进行测定、分析.[结果]不同种源多穗柯叶部根皮苷、三叶苷、总黄酮、有机碳、全氮、全磷含量差异均存在极显著差异(P<0.01).不同种源根皮苷... 相似文献
3.
Jonathan Mkumbira Linley Chiwona-Karltun Ulf Lagercrantz Nzola Meso Mahungu John Saka Albert Mhone Mpoko Bokanga Leon Brimer Urban Gullberg Hans Rosling 《Euphytica》2003,132(1):7-22
Cassava roots, a major food in Africa, contain cyanogenic glucosides that may cause toxic effects. Malawian women farmers
considered fields of seemingly similar cassava plants to be mixes of both ‘cool’ and ‘bitter’ cultivars. They regard roots
from ‘cool’ cultivars as non-toxic. Roots of ‘bitter’ were considered to require extensive traditional processing done by
women to be safe for consumption. But curiously, these women farmers preferred ‘bitter’ cultivars since toxicity confers protection
against theft, which was a serious threat to the food security of their families. We studied how well these farmers comprehend
the effects of genetic variations in cassava when dealing with cyanogenesis in this complex system. Using molecular markers
we show that most plants farmers identified as belonging to a particular named cultivar had a genotype typical of that cultivar.
Farmers' ethno-classification into ‘cool’ and ‘bitter’ cultivars corresponded to a genetic sub-division of the typical genotypes
of the most common cultivars, with four-fold higher cyanogenic glucoside levels in the bitter cultivars. Examining morphology,
farmers distinguished genotypes better than did the investigators when using a standard botanical key. Undoubtedly, these
women farmers grasp sufficiently the genetic diversity of cassava with regard to cyanogenesis to simultaneously benefit from
it and avoid its dangers. Consequently, acyanogenic cassava – the breeding of which is an announced good of some cassava genetic
improvement programmes – is not a priority to these farmers. Advances in molecular genetics can help improve food supply in
Africa by rapid micropropagation, marker assisted breeding and introduction of transgenic varieties, but can also help to
elucidate tropical small-scale farmers' needs and skills.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
4.
【目的】分析稻曲病菌(Ustilaginoidea virens)致病力减弱的T-DNA插入突变菌株B1241的生物学性状和致病力,并结合分子生物学手段研究其T-DNA插入位点的侧翼基因,以解析突变基因在稻曲病菌生长和致病过程中的作用,从而为阐明稻曲病菌致病机制提供理论基础。【方法】以野生菌株P1作为对照,观察并检测突变菌株B1241的菌落形态、生长速率、孢子形态、产孢量等生物学性状;采用注射接种的方法将菌丝和孢子的混合液接种于水稻穗苞中,统计每穗发病的病粒数,分析B1241的致病性变化;突变菌株B1241在不含有潮霉素的PSA平板上转接5代之后,PCR检测T-DNA插入的稳定性并通过Southern杂交分析B1241中T-DNA插入的拷贝数;利用HiTail-PCR获得T-DNA插入位点的侧翼序列,经NCBI比对得到侧翼基因;运用RACE-PCR克隆插入位点侧翼基因全长;qRT-PCR分析侧翼基因的表达情况。【结果】经生物学特性观察及田间接种发现,与野生菌株P1相比,突变菌株B1241在固体培养基MM、PSA和TB3上的菌落和孢子形态以及生长速率无显著差异,其致病力、产孢能力均呈极显著下降。B1241在不含潮霉素的PSA平板上转接5代之后,仍能扩增到GFP和HPH基因,说明T-DNA已经稳定地插入到其基因组中。Southern杂交结果显示T-DNA在该突变菌株中以单拷贝的形式插入。经扩增并比对侧翼序列,T-DNA的插入位点处少了28 bp的稻曲序列,有37 bp在T-DNA及稻曲病菌基因组中都没有比对到。NCBI比对发现,侧翼基因Uvt-1241与UV-8b菌株的UV8b-7878基因同源,开放阅读框长2 317 bp,包含81和106 bp的2个内含子,编码709个氨基酸。经RACE-PCR获得基因全长2 650 bp,5'非编码区长度为14 bp,3'非编码区长度为319 bp。T-DNA插入在基因Uvt-1241的启动子区域,位于起始密码子之前516 bp处。qRT-PCR分析结果表明,Uvt-1241在该突变体中表达量下降。该基因编码一个糖基水解酶18家族的蛋白,同时含有一个保守结构域D××D×D×E。【结论】稻曲病菌突变菌株B1241中,T-DNA插入到基因Uvt-1241的启动子区域,从而导致该启动子功能部分缺失,基因表达量下降,使得突变菌株的生长、产孢等生物学特性及致病力发生改变,由此推测该基因可能在稻曲病菌生长及致病过程中起着重要的作用。 相似文献
5.
6.
[目的]研究添加麸皮与纤维素酶对笋壳青贮后氰甙含量的影响。[方法]采用异烟酸—吡唑啉酮比色法研究添加麸皮与纤维素酶对笋壳青贮后氰甙含量的影响。[结果]添加麸皮与纤维素酶均可降低笋壳青贮后的氰甙含量。麸皮添加水平越高,青贮笋壳毒性越低,当麸皮添加水平为15%时笋壳青贮后氰甙含量最低。[结论]该研究可为笋壳饲料的资源化利用提供理论依据。 相似文献
7.
Hidenori Tozuka Michikazu Ota Hisayoshi Kofujita Kouetsu Takahashi 《Journal of Wood Science》2005,51(1):48-59
The protected structure of -oxoacteoside (tomentoside A), 2-oxo-2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl 3-O-(2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl--l-rhamnopyranosyl)-4-O-caffeoyl--d-glucopyranoside 14 was synthesized in 14% overall yield in 11 steps, starting from d-glucose for biological and medicinal studies of phenylpropanoid glycosides. The first step was the preparation of a 3-O-rhamnopyranosyl disaccharide sugar core 2 from a suitably protected rhamnosyl trichloroacetimidate 10 and glucose derivative (diacetone-d-glucose 1) in 71% yield. To the glucose moiety of this sugar core, several protection/deprotection procedures were performed sequentially to obtain a fully acetylated sugar core 7 with a 4-OH group on the glucose moiety, in 57% yield in five steps. Thereafter, to the 4-OH group of the glucose moiety, selective 4-O-caffeoylation was achieved by proton-transfer esterification with 3,4-di-O-allylcaffeic acid 16 to give the caffeoyl disaccharide 11 in 97% yield. Then, it was converted to trichloroacetimidate 13 for a glycosylation donor in 90% in two steps. Finally, anomeric glycosylation was conducted with 2-oxo-2-(3,4-di-allyloxyphenyl)ethyl alcohol 19 with catalytic amounts of BF3·Et2O to give 2-oxo-2-(3,4-di-allyloxyphenyl)ethyl 2,6-di-O-acetyl-3-O-(2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl--l-rhamnopyranosyl)-4-O-(3,4-di-allyloxycaffeoyl)--d-glucopyranoside 14 in 60% yield. Deprotected intermediates of compounds 2, 11, 14, and 19 which were obtained in high yield would be useful for biological and medicinal studies of phenylpropanoid glycosides.Part of this study was presented at the 52nd Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Gifu, April, 2002 相似文献
8.
为初步探究生氰糖苷降解途径2个基因α-HNL和β-glu在木薯品种对二斑叶螨抗性中的作用,本研究以抗螨木薯品种‘C1115’‘缅甸’‘SC9’和感螨木薯品种‘SC205’‘面包’‘BRA900’为材料,分析木薯生氰糖苷降解途径基因及其编码的生化酶在二斑叶螨取食木薯品种不同部位叶片(上部、中部和下部)不同时间后(1、4 d)的表达量及酶活性的变化情况。结果表明,α-HNL在感螨木薯品种上部和中部叶片中的表达量随螨害时间的延长而显著降低;在抗螨木薯品种的不同部位叶片中,α-HNL的表达量均随螨害时间的延长而显著升高,并且以中部和下部叶片的升高趋势更为显著。β-glu在抗、感螨木薯品种不同部位叶片中的表达量均很低,难以比较该基因的表达量在不同木薯品种、不同部位叶片受螨害后的变化情况,但在能检测到的少量样品当中,抗螨木薯品种的占比也多于感螨木薯品种。进一步进行酶活性分析结果表明,抗螨木薯品种受螨害后,随着时间的延长,降解途径基因α-HNL编码的α-HNL酶活性呈逐渐升高或维持不变的趋势,并且以中部和下部叶片的升高趋势更为显著,而在感螨木薯品种中,随着螨害时间的延长,α-HNL酶活性则呈逐渐降低或先升高后降低的趋势;β-glu基因编码的β-GLU酶活性在不同木薯品种中均呈较低的水平,这可能与其对应编码的基因表达量低有关,但总体而言,降解途径2个基因编码的降解酶α-HNL和β-GLU在抗螨木薯不同叶片组织中的活性总体上也显著高于感螨木薯。本研究初步揭示了不同木薯品种受螨害不同时间后,生氰糖苷降解基因和酶可能与木薯对二斑叶螨的抗性有关。 相似文献
9.
Two new polyols, 3-hydroxymethyl-2-methylenepentane-1,4-diol (1) and 1-methylcyclohexane-1,2,4-triol (2), and a new phenylpropanoid glycoside, eugenyl 4″-O-acetyl-β-rutinoside (3), together with seven known steroids (5–11) were isolated from the fruiting bodies of the basidiomycete Lactarius deliciosus. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by the analysis of spectroscopic data. 相似文献
10.
大孔吸附树脂一次性分离杜仲叶中杜仲总苷和杜仲黄酮的研究 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:2
本文就9种大孔树脂吸附分离杜仲总苷和杜仲黄酮的工艺进行了研究,结果表明:一次性分离杜仲总苷(富含绿原酸、桃叶珊瑚苷等活性物质)和杜仲黄酮的适宜的大孔树脂为XDA-1和X-5。适宜的吸附解吸条件分别为:上柱液pH 6,吸附时间应大于10 h;XDA-1树脂用40%乙醇洗脱杜仲总苷,用80%的乙醇洗脱黄酮;X-5树脂用30%的乙醇洗脱杜仲总苷,用70%的乙醇洗脱黄酮。两种树脂的分离效果分别为:XDA-1分离杜仲总苷(其中绿原酸含量为14.23%,桃叶珊瑚苷含量为7.69%)粗品得率为8.01%,杜仲总黄酮粗品得率为4.76%,含量为15.82%;X-5分离杜仲总苷(其中绿原酸含量为15.39%,桃叶珊瑚苷含量为9.07%)粗品得率为7.35%,杜仲总黄酮粗品得率为5.11%,含量为16.15%。 相似文献