Mobilization of seed reserves pretreated with H2O2 during germination and establishment of sunflower seedlings under salinity

Abstract

Several studies have shown hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) as a metabolic messenger that increases plant tolerance to various stress conditions. However, little is known about its effect on the mobilization of seed reserves in the establishment of seedlings. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of pretreatment with H₂O₂ in salt-tolerance and mobilization of reserves during the germination of seeds and establishment of sunflower seedlings. Seeds were pre-imbibed for 24?hr in solutions containing: deionized water (control); H₂O₂ (1?mM); NaCl (100?mM). Subsequently, seeds were distributed on germitest paper, moistened with deionized water or saline solution (100?mM NaCl). In seedlings not pretreated with H₂O₂, the salinity increased Na⁺ and Cl^? ions contents and reduced the growth of sunflower seedlings. However, pretreatment of seeds with H₂O₂ reduced the negative effect of salinity, promoted an increase in salt-tolerance by the reduction of Na⁺ and Cl^? uptake, lower energy cost for osmoprotection by compatible solutes accumulation, and by the higher equilibrium in the mobilization of the cotyledon reserves for the development of the embryonic axis.     

JAs、SAs介导的植物防御反应及在药用植物中的应用

茉莉酸（JA）和水杨酸（SA）介导的信号网络能调节植物防御反应。一般JA信号通路涉及抗虫反应,而SA通路则与抗病有关,JA和SA通路之间的交互作用在防御反应的微调中起重要作用。研究表明JA和SA也能有效调节抗寄生植物的防御反应。本文综述一些防御信号分子,尤其是JA和SA在植物防御中的作用,包括JA、SA介导的途径和JA/SA交互作用在抗病虫害和抗植物寄生中的作用;介绍茉莉酸、水杨酸类物质在药用植物研究中的初步应用。     

水杨酸调控作物耐盐性生理机制

盐胁迫严重限制作物生长和产量。水杨酸是一种植物激素,对植物生长发育和抵御逆境胁迫具有重要作用。文章综述植物体内水杨酸合成代谢途径,水杨酸有效性影响因素及调控作物耐盐生理机制,包括诱导抗氧化防御系统,降低膜脂过氧化;促进光合和呼吸作用;调控离子吸收与分布,缓解离子毒害;调控物质代谢,改善营养状况;与其他激素或信号物质间交叉对话。同时提出相关领域研究重点。     

三维阵列式测量技术

开发一种快速检测技术,以满足工业与科研上快速检测的需求.基于光学共聚焦技术,提出了一个新颖的三维轮廓测量技术,分析其性能,并描述系统配置.分析证实了其可行性,该技术可满足当前的高分辨率和快速三维轮廓测量的需求.     

不同激素信号途径在植物抗病中的相互作用研究进展

植物的抗病反应中,激素发挥着至关重要的作用。不同激素对于植物抵御不同种病原菌的作用方式并不相同。然而多种激素的信号途径之间在抗病反应中并不相互独立,而是存在相互作用。这种相互作用的存在使植物能高效协调体内不同激素信号途径的抗性,是抵御不同病原菌入侵的有效方法。本文综述了植物激素水杨酸、茉莉酸、乙烯、脱落酸、生长素和赤霉素在抗病反应中的作用以及这些激素信号途径之间的相互作用。     

Cross-protection interactions in insect pests: Implications for pest management in a changing climate

Agricultural insect pests display an exceptional ability to adapt quickly to natural and anthropogenic stressors. Emerging evidence suggests that frequent and varied sources of stress play an important role in driving protective physiological responses; therefore, intensively managed agroecosystems combined with climatic shifts might be an ideal crucible for stress adaptation. Cross-protection, where responses to one stressor offers protection against another type of stressor, has been well documented in many insect species, yet the molecular and epigenetic underpinnings that drive overlapping protective responses in insect pests remain unclear. In this perspective, we discuss cross-protection mechanisms and provide an argument for its potential role in increasing tolerance to a wide range of natural and anthropogenic stressors in agricultural insect pests. By drawing from existing literature on single and multiple stressor studies, we outline the processes that facilitate cross-protective interactions, including epigenetic modifications, which are understudied in insect stress responses. Finally, we discuss the implications of cross-protection for insect pest management, focusing on the consequences of cross-protection between insecticides and elevated temperatures associated with climate change. Given the multiple ways that insect pests are intensively managed in agroecosystems, we suggest that examining the role of multiple stressors can be important in understanding the wide adaptability of agricultural insect pests. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.