林业家庭承包与双层经营体制的探讨

通过对林业家庭承包与其他方式承包在立法概念、物权性质、条件设置、流转方式等诸方面的比较分析,阐明农村土地家庭承包赋予农民人均一份长期而有保障的完整永久的林地使用权,促进林业、农村经济发展和社会稳定;而其他方式承包是家庭承包的补充,虽承包经营,但承包期内村集体仍始终享有全部收益权和处置权。落实统分结合双层经营体制,家庭承包应占主导地位。并通过调研实例说明,农民专业合作组织克服了小农经济的弊端,是适应现代林业发展的一种统分结合双层经营体制。     

Testing Stewardship Concepts on Federal Land

Summary

The goal of this paper is to describe recent attempts to define the stewardship concept and to translate it into action on the ground. The focus is on national forest lands and the unique challenges federal land managers face in working with the public to implement a concept that has different meanings to a variety of stakeholders. Stewardship requires more flexibility than is often found under existing administrative authorities. Large, bureaucratic agencies face many barriers in applying creative and innovative solutions to existing problems, not the least of which are internal and external reward structures. While there exist some authorities that allow for the creative testing of stewardship contracting projects on the ground, a number of challenges remain. Two significant ones are: (1) the need for a clearer, consistent understanding (by both Forest Service employees and constituents) of the authorities that can be used to test stewardship concepts; and (2) a more broad-based agreement on the desired outcome of stewardship projects. Given the current lack of understanding and agreement on how to implement stewardship concepts, the most effective means of moving the issue forward will be to apply innovative tests of contracting methods under current or new temporary authorities. These tests should be designed, implemented, monitored, and evaluated using broad-based, inclusive, on-the-ground coalitions that create effective ties and linkages between local and national levels.     

无缝设计新方法在实际工程中的应用

本文通过一些工程实例,论述了UEA在无缝设计中的应用,以及UEA在设计、施工、管理方面 应注意的问题,从而使UEA在无缝设计中得以推广应用。     

Contracting for Migration for the Reason of Zoological Environment

Migration for the reason of zoological environment is the measure for solving the crisis of zoological environment. Nowadays, governments play the chief role in the Migration for the reason of zoological environment, but the migration themselves do not have the freedom to decide whether migrate or not. Because the activity of migration is related to the restraint of economy, culture, law, etc. It is the object of migration that protect the zoological environment and improve the welfare of habitant, which must be concerned when constructing the systems of migration. This paper proves the possibility of contracting for migration based on the methodology of the cost-income analysis. On the other hand, it also argues for changing the mode of migration from that controlled by governments to being decided by habitant themselves.     

“土地承包权长期不变”绩效评价及政策建议

“30年不变、增人不增地、减人不减地”政策出台是基于我国人多地少的国情,目的是为了防止土地过分细碎化,提高农民对土地投资的积极性,保护土地肥力和生产力。但政策运行并没有达到预期的目标,同时又引发了土地分配不公平的问题。提出了土地流转、土地股份化和农地在妇、幼、老三者之间合理调整的政策以增强“土地承包权30年不变”政策的效力。     

非游荡集与测度中心及极小吸引中心

讨论非游荡集与测度中心及极小吸引中心的关系,回答了文献［１］最后提出的部分问题,还得到了它们的一些有趣而有用的结果。     

ARKANSAS CATFISH FARMERS AND MARKETING CONTRACTS: SOME INSIGHTS INTO MOTIVATIONS

Interest in sales contracts in the catfish industry increased in the late 1990s and early 2000s as a result of increased import pressures and lower product prices. The study uses survey data fitted to a probit model to examine the motivations for contracting sales, and whether farm size is an important determinant of sales contracts usage. The article concludes that Arkansas catfish farmers with large acreages and therefore large volumes of production have a high probability of utilizing contracts to handle their sales but not necessarily with privately-owned independent processors. The farmers are not motivated to engage in sales contracts by reduction in income or price risks. They are motivated by production and management issues, which appear consistent with reductions in transactions costs relating to asset specificity and quality measurement as the reason for contracting.     

草原可持续利用政策及其影响

草原是中国第一大生态系统,20世纪80年代以来,由于过渡的利用和水土开发,使得中国草原严重退化,草原鼠害及沙尘暴频发。2000年以后,国家先后实施了一批重点工程项目,以遏制天然草原退化,恢复草原生态结构和功能。但在中国草原的管理和保护还存在着大量的问题,本文在分析现行政策利弊的基础上,提出了草原可持续管理利用的建议。     

The Property Delimitating and Its Efficiency Analyzing of Cooperative Investment in Supply Chain

In supply chain management, the forms of cooperation between the manufacturer and the supplier are various, and the forms of cooperative investment in supplier's renovation, study of fresh product and founding the system of share information are important. Incomplete Contracting Approach is applied to study the property delimitating and its efficiency problems of cooperative investment the strategy of manufacturer supports the renovation of supplier in supply chain through analyzing the equilibrium of incomplete information game in the cooperative investment of manufacturer and supplier. We illustrates the fitness of the three manufacturer's strategy of supporting, which are former share investment, let profit and subsidy. The conclusion is given that both parties define the form of property is basis on respective ability of bargaining.     

农村土地证券化在我国的实践及思考

资金流入不足、土地流转困难和劳动力转移迟缓已经成为制约我国农业发展的三大障碍。推行农村土地证券化,可以有效的扩大资金来源渠道,促进土地更大范围流转,加快劳动力转移。在阐述我国农村实行土地证券化条件的基础上,对土地证券化的两种典型模式发行抵押贷款和土地股份合作制进行了分析和思考。分别以江津模式和南海模式为例,说明土地证券化在我国的实践虽然存在一些不足,但仍不失为改善我国农地流转情况的一条有效途径。