西南某电站引水线路滑坡特征及成因机制分析

西南某水电站引水线路靠近厂房段为三叠系须家河组和雷口坡组构成的顺层坡。现场调查发现,浅表层存在一个由四个滑坡组成的滑坡群,从南到北滑坡编号依次为A、B、C和D。滑坡A、B主要由块碎石土组成,滑坡C主要由块碎石土夹保持原岩层序的岩块（假基岩）组成,滑坡D基本由假基岩组成。这些滑坡属滑移-拉裂、滑移-弯曲、倾倒变形破坏机制。岩层中的软弱层面及有效临空面是滑坡发育的基本条件;降雨或地震是重要的诱发因素。     

微生物发酵床垫料酶活性变化研究

于福建省福清市国家现代农业示范园的微生物发酵床养猪栏内采集0~50cm垫料层样品,对微生物发酵床不同方位及不同深度垫料进行酶活性研究,测定其蔗糖酶、纤维素酶、半纤维素酶、中性与碱性磷酸酶,探讨酶活性变化规律。结果表明:在0~50cm的垂直深度,随着深度的加大,酶活性显著下降,为微生物发酵床作用机理及垫料发酵程度提供理论参考。     

牛粪垫料再生系统温室气体排放及其对环境的影响

为深入了解牛床垫料再生系统的工艺技术特点及对环境的影响程度,对垫料再生系统处理过程中物料特性和温室气体排放进行测试。结果表明:BRU系统的核心—发酵仓,其运行过程基本不改变物料的理化特性,随着出料流量的增大,仓内温度和CO_2、CH_4及N_2O的排放速率均显著降低,而相对湿度则明显提高;牛场粪污固液分离后经垫料再生系统处理,每1.00t牛粪的CO_2、CH_4、N_2O气体排放量分别为2.15~5.04kg、1.95~7.25g、27.09~58.11mg,1.00t鲜牛粪温室气体排放量相当于3.60kg CO_2当量。BRU系统和好氧发酵2种垫料生产系统的生命周期评价结果显示,BRU系统对环境影响远小于好氧发酵系统,仅为好氧发酵系统的9%,其环境友好性优于好氧发酵系统。     

混合型复合地基与摩擦桩在基础工程应用中比较分析

介绍混合型复合地基和摩擦桩的承载力特点，并通过工程案例的分析，在两种基础的承载力、造价、材料等方面进行比较，表明混合型复合地基相对摩擦桩来说更适合此工程。针对目前混合型复合地基的理论研究和试验研究的进展，提出今后需要解决的问题。     

Effect of site preparation on survival and growth of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziessi Mirb. Franco.) seedlings

The performance (survival and growth) of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii Mirb. Franco.) seedlings planted in minimally disturbed, scalped, and bedded soils, both with and without herbicidal control of weeds, were compared. Douglas-fir growing for 3 years in bedded soils treated with herbicide were heavier, taller, and had deeper root systems than trees growing in other preparations. Scalping did not improve seedling performance when compared to minimally disturbed soils. Soils rich in organic matter benefited tree growth. Competing vegetation in raised beds was detrimental to seedling performance.     

Effects of Bedding Material on the Lying Behavior in Stabled Horses

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of straw, sawdust, coconut husk (husk), and coconut fiber (fiber) on the welfare of stable horses by observing their resting behavior. Twenty horses with ages ranging from 3 to 21 years were used at the Equine Research Institute of the Japan Racing Association, Utsunomiya, Japan. Five horses were allocated to each bedding condition. The behavior of each horse was recorded by video camera for 3 days and was continuously sampled from 17:00 to 05:00. The total duration, the number of bouts, and the mean and the maximum duration of bouts in standing rest, sternal lying, and lateral lying were calculated and analysed by the Kruskal-Wallis test and post hoc Steel-Dwass test. There was no difference in the standing rest and the sternal lying among beddings. Significant differences were observed in these values in the lateral lying among the different beddings (P<0.05). The values of the means of the total duration, the number of bouts, and the mean and the maximum duration of bout in the lateral lying were greater when husk was used as the bedding material than when sawdust were used (P<0.05). The results of the observations show that the new bedding materials would be as usable as straw. However, lateral lying was observed less frequently when sawdust were used as bedding; this indicates that use of sawdust as bedding material will decrease the welfare of stabled horses.     

Earthworm,Eisenia fetida,bedding meal as potential cheap fishmeal replacement ingredient for semi‐intensive farming of Nile Tilapia,Oreochromis niloticus

The study amalgamated earthworm and agro‐industrial wastes through vermicomposting and then evaluated the potential of the bedding (mixture of Eisenia fetida and vermicompost) to replace fishmeal in semi‐intensive farming of Oreochromis niloticus. The bedding was used to substitute fishmeal at inclusion rates of 100, 60, 30 and 0% (D100, D60, D30 and control D0). In triplicates, the four homogeneous diets were fed to quadruplicate groups of 30 g O. niloticus for 112 days. There was no significant difference (p > .05) in mortalities, average length gain and FCR among all tests. Nevertheless, diet D0 had significantly (p < .05) superior amino acid profile, low fibre content and fish carcass crude protein (63.2 ± 0.72% dry matter). Subsequently, D30 and D0 produced fish with significantly higher (p < .05) mean weight gain (256.03 ± 0.4 g) and biomass (369,136 g) respectively. On to the contrary, diet D100 had significantly higher (p < .05) crude lipids content (9.4 ± 0.6% dry matter), economic returns and profit index than the control diet due to the comparatively low cost of producing the earthworm bedding. This simple biotechnology can commercially be upscaled to sustainably produce cheap and nutritious fish feed capable of increasing yields and maximizing profits.     

猪垫料用量对大杯香菇中主要矿物质元素与铅含量关联度的影响

【目的】研究猪垫料栽培大杯香菇子实体中主要矿物质元素含量与铅含量的关系,为大面积栽培铅含量更低的大杯香菇提供依据。【方法】通过在对照培养料(A0,10%)中添加质量分数为10%(A1)、20%(A2)、30%(A3)、40%(A4)、50%(A5)、60%(A6)、70%(A7)的猪垫料,进行大杯香菇栽培试验,采用灰色关联方法,分析各处理大杯香菇子实体中主要矿物质元素含量(铜、锰、铁、锌、钾、钙)与铅含量的关系。【结果】7个处理中,猪垫料用量对铅与各主要矿物质元素含量的关联系数影响顺序从大到小为:A2A3A7A0A6A4A1A5,其中A2处理关联系数最大,为0.811 3,A5处理关联系数最小,为0.485 0。猪垫料栽培大杯香菇子实体中的Zn含量与Pb含量关联度最大,为0.725 9,其次是Mn含量,关联度最小的是K含量。【结论】猪垫料用量对大杯香菇子实体中各种主要矿物质元素与铅含量关联系数有一定的影响,猪垫料栽培大杯香菇子实体中的Zn含量与Pb含量关系密切。     

发酵牛粪作为奶牛卧床垫料的微生物消长规律研究

为了研究发酵牛粪作为奶牛卧床垫料的微生物消长规律,本试验选择舍饲散栏泌乳牛舍,检测1个自然年度牛粪垫料不同深度的微生物(细菌和真菌)数量。每2月检测1次,每次连续7d。结果表明,不同月份牛粪垫料的表、中、深层细菌数量随填铺卧床时间的增长表现出上升趋势,刚填铺的牛粪垫料细菌数量为2.0×10~6~3.8×10~7 cfu/g,填铺7d时细菌数量达4.7×10~7~3.6×10~8 cfu/g,4、6、8和10月份牛粪垫料的细菌数量均表现为表层偏高、中层偏低的趋势;牛粪垫料中真菌数量没有表现出明显的消长规律,且填铺7d时真菌数量增长幅度较小,刚填铺时牛粪的真菌数量介于4.3×10~2~1.5×10~3 cfu/g,填铺7d时真菌数量为9.5×10~2~4.8×10~3 cfu/g。此外,牛粪垫料的细菌和真菌数量与环境温度间均不存在显著相关性(P0.05)。该研究可为奶牛卧床消毒制度的完善提供可靠数据,以提高奶牛的生产性能和健康水平。