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1.
变叶海棠(M.toringoides(Rehd.)Hughes)无融合生殖胚胎发育的特征与结果 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对3x变叶海棠(M.toringoides(Rehd.)H.)无融合生殖作了胚胎学观察。其无融合生殖方式是体细胞无孢子生殖,胚胎发育具胚囊的复合性、起源空间多位性、发生时间的持续性与滞后性。花粉败育、无融合生殖的结果大多种子败育或早期退化。 相似文献
2.
以丹东蒲公英为研究材料,利用常规压片法对去雄切柱头和在自然授粉条件下的种子根尖染色体进行观察,同时采用石蜡切片法观察丹东蒲公英胚珠发育情况。结果表明:丹东蒲公英为二倍体,人工去雄切柱头后的丹东蒲公英子房切片中可以观察到二分体的形成,一个退化,另一个经有丝分裂形成八核胚囊,卵细胞逐步发育为成熟胚,表明丹东蒲公英无融合生殖类型为二倍体孢子生殖。此外,丹东蒲公英去雄切柱头后的结籽率高达90.34%,发芽率为84%。 相似文献
3.
苹果属植物种内和种间无融合生殖能力研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
】根据去雄套袋的座果率,用方差分析法研究了苹果属7个无融合生殖种类的种内和种间差异。结果表明,种间只有小金海棠与湖北海棠、三叶海棠和丽江山定子的差异极显著。在湖北海棠的4个类型中,南坪湖北海棠、盐源湖北海棠和平邑甜茶与丽江山定子差异显著,其余种间差异均不显著。湖北海棠不同倍性和来源的4个类型间无显著差异。 相似文献
4.
G. P. Chapman 《Euphytica》1995,81(2):121-129
Summary Techniques of inflorescence and spikelet culture have been used for three major cereals. In maize, the influence of hormones on sexuality has been demonstrated. For wheat and barley the influence of supplying carbohydrate and nitrogen on grain content has been explored. Although in vitro seed setting is less efficient than in vivo the resulting grains, from optimal treatments, are in almost all respects normal or nearly so. Culture media to achieve this are precisely defined.In reviewing this work a major concern has been to highlight an elegant system of enquiry but at the same time to indicate the remarkably small area of interest to which it has been applied. As a prelude therefore to a consideration of the technical achievements, the range of spikelet form, and more particularly, function are examined. The aim is to encourage the application of inflorescence and spikelet culture to a much wider range of topics than hitherto. 相似文献
5.
苹果属植物无融合生殖特性——文献综述 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5
介绍了国内外苹果属中无融合生殖种类;综述了国内外学者对这些种无融合生殖特性的研究成果,包括兼性无融合生殖习性、无性胚形成方式、遗传方式、染色体倍性和同工酶表现;简述了无融合生殖在科研及生产的应用现状和潜力。 相似文献
6.
Some characteristics of the species complex Pennisetum section Brevivalvula are polyploidy and apomixis. Four euploidy levels
(x = 9) were assessed by DAPI-flow cytometry for 304 plants of the section, distributed among five species: P. hordeoides
(2n = 36, 54), P. pedicellatum (2n = 36, 45, 54), P. polystachion (2n = 18, 36, 45, 54), P. setosum (2n = 54), and P. subangustum
(2n = 18, 36, 54). The geographical distribution of the ploidy levels seems to be related to major ecological zones of West
Africa. The hilly regions displayed a higher ploidy diversity than the others; diploid populations of the annual species P.
polystachion and P. subangustum were found. Genotypic variation expressed by isozyme polymorphism did not show any significant
difference between the diploid, sexual populations and the polyploid, apomictic populations of these two species.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
7.
Summary Apomixis has been reported in a few lines of sorghum, among them R473 which was originally reported to be an obligate apomict. Although this line has multiple embryo sacs, the frequency of apomictic seed formation has not been determined because a progeny test has not been possible. R473 does not cross as a female with other lines except when its own pollen is present. In the present study mutations were induced in R473 by hydrazine and irradiation. Crosses were made between male-sterile mutants as females and normal R473 as males. Plants of R473 produced F1 hybrids sexually, thus indicating that they were not obligate apomicts. These F1's also reproduced sexually, as indicated by segregation for male sterility and male fertility in F2 progenies. 相似文献
8.
Summary Light and fluorescence microscopy were used to study coenocytic microspore germination from male-sterile (ms1 ms1) soybean plants. Anther squashes from male-sterile plants revealed that a low frequency of natural coenocytic microspore germination occurred in male-sterile anthers of four independent lines; [ms1-North carolina (T260H),ms1-Urbana (T266H),ms1-Tonica (T267H), andms1-Ames (T268H)]. Abnormalities such as giant tubes, branched tubes, tubes with swollen areas, and multiple tubes were observed from coenocytic microspores from all four lines. The Urbana line, however, demonstrated a higher percentage of coenocytic microspore germination than did the other three lines. Flowers of the Urbana line from both malefertile and male-sterile plants, as well as gynoecia pollinated with coenocytic microspores from sterile plants, were used for in vivo studies. Pollen-tube growth appeared normal in male-fertile plants. In contrast, coenocytic microspore tubes rarely were observed in gynoecia from male-sterile plants or in gynoecia from malefertile plants that had been artificially cross-pollinated withms1 ms1 plants. Few tubes from coenocytic microspores were observed in the vicinity of the micropylar region. A low frequency of seed set was achieved in the greenhouse on Urbana male-sterile plants grown in the absence of male-fertile plants. Thus, we believe either that some gametes from coenocytic microspores are able to participate in fertilization at low frequency or that apomixis occurs inms1 ms1 plants.Joint contribution: Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and Journal Paper No. J-12310 of the Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames IA, 50011 USA. Project 2471. 相似文献
9.
Plants were regenerated from tissue cultures of embryos dissected from seeds that were harvested from a self-pollinated clonal
selection of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) ‘Baron’, an apomictic cultivar. Plants were regenerated from 35 embryo-derived callus cultures of the 3280 embryos that
were plated. Flow-cytometric (FCM) and RAPD-marker analyses were performed to determine if regenerants were or were not apomictic
in origin. Fifteen regenerants with a 3c DNA content were classified as arising from 2n + n aberrant embryos, which was a higher frequency than expected, based on a chi-square analysis. Of the remaining 20 regenerants
with a 2c DNA content, a chi-square test showed that all could have arisen from n + n sexually-derived embryos, based on the observed segregation of n + n regenerants, which fit the expected 3:1 ratio of dominant:recessive RAPD-marker phenotypes. The apparent lack of regenerants
of apomictic origin, and implications for genetic transformation and breeding of Kentucky bluegrass are discussed. 相似文献
10.
Fingerprinting of alfalfa meiotic mutants using RAPD markers 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Summary A calendar of female sporogenesis and gametogenesis was made for both apomictic tetraploid (2n=4x=36) Brachiaria brizantha and Brachiaria decumbens and their apomictic F1 hybrids with sexual tetraploid (2n=4x=36) Brachiaria ruziziensis. Microgametogenesis was used as a reference. Apospory was facultative in both species and hybrids. Environmental conditions had variable effects on the level of apomixis according to each genotype. Ratios of segregation into sexuals and apomicts in the interspecific hybrids suggest an oligogenic determinism with dominant apomixis in the genus Brachiaria. Highly apomictic and partially male fertile hybrids were identified and will be used in an improvement program to transfer genes for apomixis into the sexual species B. ruziziensis. 相似文献