加入世界贸易组织对我国畜牧产业的影响

加入世界贸易组织会给我国畜牧业带来一系列的影响 ,在生产方面会削弱我国畜产品生产固有的比较优势 ;在畜产品加工方面除了肉类畜产品深加工的比重低之外 ,我国的肉类加工食品结构也不合理 ;在市场方面则更是面临着外来产品的严重冲击。如何看待入世给我国畜牧产业带来的影响和采取何种应对措施是必须考虑的问题。笔者试图在这些方面进行分析和探讨。     

Genetic diversity within spelta and macha wheats based on RAPD analysis

Genetic diversity in a crop species is basic to improvement of the species and can be estimated at the molecular level. The objective of this study was to estimate genetic diversity within and between spelta and macha wheats. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was conducted on 69 spelta and 32 macha wheat accessions. The classification of spelta and macha accessions, based on Jaccard genetic similarity coefficients for RAPD markers, was consistent with their geographic origin. The results indicated that the germplasm of macha wheat was more diverse than that of spelta wheat. In the dendrogram of macha wheat, four spelta-like accessions grouped together, separate from the remaining macha accessions, suggesting that these accessions were misclassified. In addition, accessions with identical RAPD patterns were found, indicating that these accessions were probably duplicated. Thus RAPD analysis can be used to estimate genetic diversity and identify duplicate accessions in wheat germplasm collections. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

部分美国及我国小麦品种的遗传多样性分析

为了比较美国及我国小麦品种的遗传多样性,选用55对SSR引物对引自美国的67份小麦品种及我国黄淮麦区推广面积较大的17个品种进行了遗传多样性分析。结果表明,67份美国小麦品种共检测到443个等位变异,单个引物位点的等位变异为2～24个,平均每个位点8.10个,各位点多态性信息含量(PIC)变幅为0.11～0.92,平均为0.59;黄淮麦区小麦品种共检测到266个等位变异,单个引物位点的等位变异为2～9个,平均每个位点4.82个,PIC变幅为0.10～0.84,平均为0.55。67个美国小麦品种A、B、D三个基因组的平均等位变异与平均PIC值大小分别为:B(8.60)>D(7.88)>A(7.63)和B(0.62)>A(0.58)>D(0.56);黄淮麦区17个小麦品种三个基因组的平均等位变异与平均PIC值大小分别为:B(5.30)>A(5.10)>D(3.94)和B(0.58)>A(0.57)>D(0.48)。聚类分析结果表明,55对SSR引物能将84份材料区分开来,并分为六大类,15个国内小麦品种被聚为一类,中国春自成一类,其余材料被聚为四类。由此可知,美国小麦品种的遗传多样性较高,与黄淮麦区小麦品种的遗传差异较大。     

辨析图书借阅情况讨论优化馆藏文献资源

图书采访是优化馆藏文献资源的重要保障之一。分析近年来入藏中文图书的借阅利用情况,可以作为评判采访质量的参照系之一。以河北医科大学（校本部）图书馆2008年入藏的中文图书为样本,统计其流通量,分析讨论优化教学研究型专业院校图书馆馆藏资源的策略。     

“入世”浅谈

从１９８６年７月我国恢复中国关贸总协定（ＧＡＴＴ）缔约国席位（即“复关”）开始谈判，到１９９５年世界贸易组织（ＷＴＯ）诞生后转为申请加入（“入世”）至今，经历了十几年的艰苦卓越的马拉松式的谈判和努力，使我国离ＷＴＯ越来越近。鉴此，提高对ＷＴＯ的认识，明确“入世”的利、弊关系，使各行各业都做好“入世”的各项准备，才能够抓住机遇，迎接挑战，为中华振兴和经济的发展做出贡献，新时代的大学生具有特殊的责任和义务。     

9个香蕉品系在琼西北部产区的栽培表现

以从广东省果树研究所引进的9个香蕉品系（编号：W1～W9）为处理,巴西蕉为对照（CK）,进行品比试验,结果表明：W1,W3-W6品系的植株显著比CK的高大,W2的植株显著比CK的矮小,W7-W9的植株大小与CK的无显著差异;W1-W6品系的叶片显著比CK的大,W7-W9品系的叶片显著比CK的小;W1和W5品系的生长发育周期显著比CK的长,其余品系的生长发育周期与CK无显著差异;Wl品系的果实发育期显著短于CK,W9品系的果实发育期与CK无显著差异,其余品系的显著长于CK;W4和可卯品系的果穗显著大于CK,W8和W9品系的果穗大小与CK的无显著差异,其余品系的果穗均显著小于CK;W6品系的最大梳果指数显著大于CK,WI和W3品系的显著小于CK,其余品系的与CK无显著差异;Wl,W2和W8品系的果指长度显著短于CK,其余品系的与CK的无显著差异;W3,W4,W5,W8,W9品系的株产显著高于CK,W1品系的显著低于CK,其余品系的株产与CK无显著差异;W4,W6,W7和W9品系的可溶性糖含量显著高于CK,其余品系的与CK无显著差异;W6和W7品系的可滴定酸含量显著低于CK,W4品系的与CK无显著差异,其余品系的显著高于CK;W9品系的维生素C含量显著高于CK,W6品系的显著低于CK,其余品系的与CK的无显著差异;W5和W8品系的可食率显著低于CK,其余品系的显著高于CK。W4,W7和W9品系有希望审定为海南省西北部香蕉产区的新品种。     

水稻化感材料的抑草作用及其机制

 水稻化感材料PI312777和化感1号在田间能显著地抑制杂草,而且其抑草作用与栽培方式相关,抛秧和移栽方式对杂草的抑制作用明显地优于直播。结果表明,PI312777和化感1号植株产生和释放的化感物质(多酚、黄酮和羟基肟酸)显著高于非化感品种华粳籼1号,而且在6叶期植株中的化感物质含量达最大值。这种不同水稻材料植株在不同生育期产生并释放化感物质量的差异是导致它们在田间抑草效应强弱的重要原因之一。进一步研究发现,PI312777植株由地上部分合成化感物质后经根部分泌到环境中,根组织并不产生化感物质,且稗草能诱导     

基于系统工程原理的作物化感潜力评价及其应用初探

 【目的】探索作物化感潜力评价方法，分析作物整体化感潜势，理论评价黄土高原旱作小麦的综合化感潜势。【方法】建立作物化感潜力的系统工程评价模型，提出作物植株整体评价的定量描述方法，对黄土高原半干旱区4种普通小麦品种化感潜力进行理论上的整体评价和总体化感潜力比较。【结果】对黄土高原半干旱区4种普通小麦品种的化感潜力综合评价理论上得出其化感潜力总体处于较低水平，其中化感潜力综合表现为小偃22号>宁冬1号>丰产3号>碧玛1号。【结论】系统工程评价模型的建立对于辅助快速有效地评价作物品种和单植株的化感潜力和培育具有抗草和高产优质及相关优良农艺特征作物新品种具有重要的科学指导意义。     

Variation on Wild Sunflower （Helianthus ruderalis L.） for Quantitative and Qualitative Parameters

Our expedition have identified location in the central part of Kosovo where were collected a samples （accessions） at coordinates; Sub-Locality SL-1 （N42°34′36″, E21°07′45″）, altitude 574 m, SL-2 （N42°34′29″, E 21°07′45″altitude 591 m and SL-3 （N42°34′30″, E21°07′46″） on altitude 565 m. The aim of present investigation was carried out to study genetic variability of quantitative and qualitative parameters. The populations from SL-2 were characterized of higher significance on seed oil （23.74%） and protein content （16.74%）. The estimation average value of seed protein and oil content was 15.52% and 23.48% respectively. The variability of plant height ranged from 182.33 cm to as much as 200.89 cm, while distinction＇s between them were ＋ 18.56 cm which was a significant higher at P〈0.05 probability level. The SL-3 showed the higher value of HWK （34.6 g）, head per plant （39.33） and head diameter （9.5 cm） but, was characterized significantly lowest on seed protein content （13.99%）. The all traits included in our investigations showed a higher genetic variability with majority of extreme values. The sunflower populations differed significantly in several parameters measured, they have a different genetic and morphological backgrounds. Results from wild sunflower form indicated notable differences in dispersion of important genes for different traits and showed the potential for using in future for breeding program.     

Estimation of the Isozymatic Genetic Variability of a Spanish A vena sativa Germplasm Collection

An analysis of Spanish land races of Avena sativa from the Germplasm Bank of the I.N.I.A. was carried out using starch gel electrophoresis. Samples of 15 seedlings per accession were used for estimating the intra- and interpopulational genetic variability. Electrophoretic analyses were performed with crude extracts from 15 day-old seedling leaflets by means of eight isozymatic systems representing a total of ten genetic loci. Two systems were mono-morphic in all the accessions, while the other six showed polymorphism both within and between populations. Intrapopulational variability was particularly high in this collection, only 16 out of the 137 accessions being uniform for all the isozyme systems. Thus the material was shown to represent a high potential of genetic variability for breeding programmes.