Phenotypic and allelic variation for wort protein Z in Australian and Canadian barleys

Protein Z is a major component in beer foam. Two-dimensional electrophoresis was used to analyze wort proteins of two Australian (Buloke and Commander) and two Canadian (CDC Meredith and Bentley) varieties. The Canadian barley contained more abundant proteins from MW 40–45 kDa (pI 5 to 7). These proteins were identified as either protein Z4 or protein Z7 using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Full-length gene of protein Z4 and Z7 were sequenced from Canadian and Australian barleys. Sequence differences were identified in the coding region and upstream regions of the two genes, resulting in protein sequence and expression variations. Molecular markers were designed according to the indels in the upstream regions of protein Z4 and Z7 genes. These markers were highly correlated to wort protein Z content in Canadian and Australian varieties. The Canadian barleys contained ‘high level’ genotypes for protein Z4 and Z7 while most Australian barleys had ‘low level’ genotypes for protein Z4, Z7 or both. The markers identified in this study provide a valuable tool for the selection of protein Z alleles in marker-assisted breeding. Total protein Z content was assessed using different steeping conditions, and increasing air-rest time increased protein Z content in 15 varieties.     

设施杏扣棚升温后枝条内源激素的变化

以6￣7年生的设施杏(金太阳和凯特)为试材,研究了从扣棚升温至开花前枝条内源激素含量的变化。结果表明:ABA和ZR呈“升-降-升”的趋势;GA3变化较为复杂,IAA前期含量低且变化缓慢,后期含量急剧升高;四种内源激素中,ABA含量最高,IAA最少;ZR/ABA在升温后16d开始升高,而(IAA GA3 ZR)/ABA的升高,金太阳比凯特提前5d。     

石灰及其后效对玉米吸收重金属影响的田间实例研究

通过田间试验方法,研究了在铅锌矿废水污染的土壤上施用石灰1 a后,继续施用石灰和石灰后效处理对后续第1、2季低累积玉米（Zea mays）的产量以及重金属Cd、Pb、Zn和Cu含量的影响,并分析了土壤pH、土壤DTPA提取态重金属含量和土壤重金属全量的变化。结果表明,连续施用石灰和石灰后效均显著提高玉米产量,其中连续施用石灰处理效果最佳,第1季籽粒产量是对照（无石灰）的6倍,第2季是对照的3.8倍。与对照相比,连续施用石灰处理显著降低了2季玉米籽粒Cd、Pb、Zn和Cu含量,石灰后效只能降低第2季玉米茎叶Cd、Pb和Cu含量,而籽粒Cd、Pb含量与对照相比略有升高,说明石灰后效能维持一年半左右。对照处理土壤Cd和Zn全量显著低于石灰处理,可能是土壤中Cd和Zn随着雨水的淋洗向下层迁移造成的。施用石灰可防止Cd和Zn对地下水的污染。     

Floral induction (FI) in longan (Dimocarpus longan, Lour.) trees. III: Effect of shading the trees on potassium chlorate induced FI and resulting hormonal changes in leaves and shoots

Previous experiments demonstrated that treatment of longan trees with potassium chlorate (KClO₃) induces “off season floral induction” (FI) even in the absence of the naturally required cool temperature [Manochai, P., Sruamsiri, P., Wiriya-alongkorn, W., Naphrom, D., Hegele, M., Bangerth, F., 2005. Year around off season flower induction in longan (Dimocarpus longan, Lour.) trees by KClO₃ applications: potentials and problems. Sci. Hortic. 104, 379–390]. Potassium chlorate, however, cannot replace the presence of functional mature leaves and sufficient light intensity. Here we examined in more detail the effect of shade (about 10% of natural sunlight) on KClO₃ affected hormone concentrations/transport of leaves and shoot apical buds (SAB) and their interactions with FI.     

围垦对滨海稻田土壤N2O还原潜力的影响

稻田湿地生态系统的N₂O还原消耗潜力对缓解大气温室气体效应具有重要意义,而滨海自然湿地围垦改造成稻田后耕层土壤的N₂O还原速率及其微生物机制却鲜有报道。选取崇明岛光滩湿地为对照（WK0）,比较研究不同围垦年限（19、27、51、86 a）的围垦区稻田耕作层土壤N₂O还原速率演替规律及其微生物数量变异特征。结果表明,土壤总有机碳含量（TOC）随围垦年限增长而显著增加,而土壤pH值、SO₄^2-浓度和EC值则均随围垦年限增长而呈逐渐下降趋势。土壤N₂O还原速率随围垦年限增长而显著增加,其中围垦86 a稻田土壤达到25.5 μg N₂O·g^-1·d^-1,与光滩湿地相比增加了58.4%。定量PCR结果发现,功能基因nosZ Ⅰ和nosZ Ⅱ拷贝数也随着围垦年限增长而显著增加,其中围垦86 a的稻田土壤功能基因分别为1.72×10⁸ copies·g^-1和4.36×10⁸ copies· g^-1,比光滩湿地稻田高出一个数量级。相关性分析发现土壤N₂O还原速率与功能基因nosZ Ⅰ拷贝数呈显著正相关,而功能基因nosZ Ⅱ拷贝数随围垦年限的增加率远高于功能基因nosZ Ⅰ;N₂O还原速率、功能基因nosZ Ⅰ、nosZ Ⅱ拷贝数与3个土壤理化指标（pH、EC、SO₄^2-）均呈负相关。因此,围垦造田促进了滨海湿地土壤N₂O还原过程,而功能基因nosZ Ⅰ数量的大幅增加是N₂O还原速率增加的重要原因。     

6-BA对酸樱桃组培苗4种内源激素质量分数动态变化的影响

研究了6-BA对酸樱桃组培苗中4种内源激素的质量分数动态变化的影响。结果表明:在培养5d时,6-BA可促进酸樱桃组培苗内源IAA和ZR质量分数的增加,也可促进内源IAA和ZR的生物合成;6-BA对内源GA3质量分数的影响与IAA和ZR相反,在培养初期,随着6-BA质量浓度的增加,GA3质量分数下降,其原因可能是高质量浓度6-BA抑制了束缚态GA3的水解,培养后期GA3质量分数大幅上升;内源ABA质量分数一直呈下降趋势,随着6-BA质量浓度的增加,下降幅度加大。     

胺苯磺隆胁迫对水稻幼苗保护酶与内源激素的影响(英文)

[目的]通过研究低浓度的胺苯磺隆引起不同叶龄水稻叶片中保护酶和内源激素含量的变化,探讨超低浓度胺苯磺隆的促生长效应的生理机制。[方法]通过土培法用2个浓度胺苯磺隆分别处理不同叶龄的水稻,15d后采集水稻叶片,用愈创木酚-过氧化氢法测定过氧化物酶(POD)活性,用邻苯二酚法测定多酚氧化酶(PPO)的活性,用ELISA法测定水稻叶片中GA、ZR、ABA的含量。[结果]胺苯磺隆2μg/kg(干土)处理后水稻叶中PPO活性提高,POD活性降低但接近对照,GA、ZR含量显著增加,ABA含量则减少,GA/ABA的比值高于对照。胺苯磺隆20μg/kg处理,水稻叶中POD活性明显提高,PPO活性低于对照但接近对照,GA、ZR含量均显著减少,ABA含量则显著增加,GA/ABA的比值低于对照。7叶期处理的水稻叶片中3种激素含量与对照的差异最小。[结论]胺苯磺隆2μg/kg处理水稻,叶片内GA/ABA比值大于对照,对水稻生长有促进作用,20μg/kg浓度时,则GA/ABA比值明显小于对照,水稻生长受到抑制,同时,胺苯磺隆对7叶期水稻生长效应弱于4叶期前的水稻。     

胺苯磺隆胁迫对水稻幼苗保护酶与内源激素的影响

[目的]通过研究低浓度的胺苯磺隆引起不同叶龄水稻叶片中保护酶和内源激素含量的变化,探讨超低浓度胺苯磺隆促生长效应的生理机制。[方法]通过土培法用2个浓度胺苯磺隆分别处理不同叶龄的水稻,15 d后采集水稻叶片,用愈创木酚-过氧化氢法测定过氧化物酶(POD)活性,用邻苯二酚法测定多酚氧化酶(PPO)的活性,用ELISA法测定水稻叶片中GA、ZR、ABA的含量。[结果]胺苯磺隆2μg/kg(干土)处理后水稻叶中PPO活性提高,POD活性降低但接近对照,GA、ZR含量显著增加,ABA含量则减少,GA/ABA的比值高于对照;胺苯磺隆20μg/kg处理,水稻叶中POD活性明显提高,PPO活性低于对照但接近对照,GA、ZR含量均显著减少,ABA含量则显著增加,GA/ABA的比值低于对照。7叶期处理的水稻叶片中3种激素含量与对照的差异最小。[结论]胺苯磺隆2μg/kg处理水稻,叶片内GA/ABA比值大于对照,对水稻生长有促进作用,20μg/kg浓度时,则GA/ABA比值明显小于对照,水稻生长受到抑制,同时,胺苯磺隆对7叶期水稻生长效应弱于4叶期前的水稻。