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1.
采用文献资料法对食用菌多糖抗运动疲劳的研究进展情况进行了研究。结果表明:食用菌多糖提取方法不同而食用菌多糖的提取率也不相同,超声波法+复合酶法及微波法提取食用菌多糖提取率较高,2种方法科学合理的结合提取食用菌多糖以及不同产地、品种和不同部位提取率是未来学者们需要研究的领域;目前,只是对极少部分食用菌多糖抗运动疲劳进行了研究,研究对象(动物)、模型、指标、评价单一而没有确定最佳剂量的时间而没确定的量。为此,提出了未来应加强和重视食用菌多糖抗疲劳运动多食用菌、多对象(尤其是人)、多模型、多指标、多评价、最佳剂量的研究以及量-效、构-效关系的研究建议。 相似文献
2.
为了给内蒙古高原紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)测土施氮奠定科学基础,本研究采用“零散实验数据整合法”和“养分平衡-地力差减法”新应用公式,开展了该自然区域紫花苜蓿土壤氮素丰缺指标和推荐施氮量研究。结果表明:内蒙古高原生长第1年紫花苜蓿土壤碱解氮第1~6级丰缺指标为≥48,20~48,8~20,4~8,2~4和<2 mg·kg-1,土壤全氮第1~5级丰缺指标为≥1.4,0.8~1.4,0.4~0.8,0.2~0.4和<0.2 g·kg-1,土壤有机质第1~6级丰缺指标为≥17,10~17,6~10,3~6,2~3和<2 g·kg-1。当紫花苜蓿目标产量9~18 t·hm-2、氮肥利用率40%时,内蒙古高原紫花苜蓿第1~6级土壤推荐施氮量分别为0,68~135,135~270,203~405,270~540和338~675 kg·hm-2。 相似文献
3.
利用祁连圆柏整株生物量与生长指标数据,为估算祁连圆柏林的生物量估算提供参考。通过野外调查,共获取了63株祁连圆柏天然林样木生物量与生长指标实测数据。用其中50株样木数据进行回归模拟,用其余的13株样木数据对模型可靠性进行检验,构建器官生物量与生长指标间的回归模型。结果表明,祁连圆柏单木水平下,树干生物量模型的R2adj为0.96,均方根、模型有效性和残差系数分别为0.50、0.85和0.05;枝条生物量模型的R2adj为0.897,均方根、模型有效性和残差系数分别为0.69、0.80和-0.66;叶生物量模型的R2adj为0.61,均方根、模型有效性和残差系数分别为0.54、0.86和0.15;根生物量模型的R2adj为0.93,均方根、模型有效性和残差系数分别为0.12、0.997 和-0.01。在调查数据范围内构建的模型较好地反映了祁连圆柏生物量与生长指标间的关系,形式简单、使用方便;与实测值相比,树干与叶生物量模拟值偏小,枝和根偏大。 相似文献
4.
不同用量纳米材料对生菜种子发芽的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以意大利生菜和红脆香生菜种子为试验材料,研究不同用量石墨相氮化碳纳米材料(0、50、100、150、200 mg/L)对2种生菜种子萌发的影响。结果表明:纳米材料用量在50~150 mg/L时对2种生菜发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数均有促进作用,用量在100 mg/L时,意大利生菜的发芽率、发芽指数最高;用量在150 mg/L时,红脆香生菜发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数最高。纳米材料用量达到200 mg/L时,对生菜种子萌发的促进效果减小,甚至出现抑制萌发的现象。较高用量(150、200 mg/L)的纳米材料可以促进生菜胚根的伸长,用量在150 mg/L时,意大利生菜胚根最长,比对照(CK)增加了24.80%;用量在200 mg/L时,红脆香生菜胚根最长,比对照增加了37.20%。施加纳米材料对生菜胚芽长度的影响不显著。总之,纳米材料用量在50~150 mg/L时,可以促进生菜种子的萌发;较高用量(150、200 mg/L)的纳米材料可以促进生菜种子胚根的伸长;施加纳米材料对胚芽长的影响不显著。 相似文献
5.
我国社会救助体系不断完善的过程中涉及主体更多元、方式更多样。当前社会救助面临相关部门和组织多、信息复杂、经办分散、分类精准施救难度大等问题。基于我国社会救助模式的合理价值选择,提出管理服务体系建设的重要意义。进而分析社会救助在管理服务上面临的挑战和难题,从组织协调管理、信息网络系统、基层经办机构、社会参与机制四个方面提出构建多层次管理服务体系的思路。力求提高管理服务的效率和效能,促进互助共济社会救助共同体的形成,提升公众满意度,夯实我国民生保障基础。 相似文献
6.
Sheng-cai QIANG Fu-cang ZHANG Miles Dyck Yan ZHANG You-zhen XIANG Jun-liang FAN 《农业科学学报》2019,18(10):2369-2380
Excessive use of nitrogen(N) fertilizers in agricultural systems increases the cost of production and risk of environmental pollution. Therefore, determination of optimum N requirements for plant growth is necessary. Previous studies mostly established critical N dilution curves based on aboveground dry matter(DM) or leaf dry matter(LDM) and stem dry matter(SDM), to diagnose the N nutrition status of the whole plant. As these methods are time consuming, we investigated the more rapidly determined leaf area index(LAI) method to establish the critical nitrogen(N_c) dilution curve, and the curve was used to diagnose plant N status for winter wheat in Guanzhong Plain in Northwest China. Field experiments were conducted using four N fertilization levels(0, 105, 210 and 315 kg ha-1) applied to six wheat cultivars in the 2013–2014 and 2014–2015 growing seasons. LAI, DM, plant N concentration(PNC) and grain yield were determined. Data points from four cultivars were used for establishing the N_c curve and data points from the remaining two cultivars were used for validating the curve. The N_c dilution curve was validated for N-limiting and non-N-limiting growth conditions and there was good agreement between estimated and observed values. The N nutrition index(NNI) ranged from 0.41 to 1.25 and the accumulated plant N deficit(N_(and)) ranged from 60.38 to –17.92 kg ha~(-1) during the growing season. The relative grain yield was significantly affected by NNI and was adequately described with a parabolic function. The N_c curve based on LAI can be adopted as an alternative and more rapid approach to diagnose plant N status to support N fertilization decisions during the vegetative growth of winter wheat in Guanzhong Plain in Northwest China. 相似文献
7.
Compatibility of root growth and tuber production of potato cultivars with dynamic and static water‐saving irrigation managements 下载免费PDF全文
S. H. Ahmadi M. Agharezaee A. A. Kamgar‐Haghighi A. R. Sepaskhah 《Soil Use and Management》2017,33(1):106-119
The important root characteristics of root length density (RLD) and root mass density (RMD) generally differ among irrigation managements and potato cultivars. The objective of this study was to investigate the RLD and RMD variations and their functional relationships with gross potato tuber yield for two commercial potato cultivars, Agria and Sante, under different irrigation strategies. Full irrigation and water‐saving irrigation strategies, deficit and partial root drying irrigations, were applied statically (S) and dynamically (D) based on daily crop evapotranspiration. Results showed that SPRD had significantly greater RLD (3.64 cm/cm3) and RMD (132.7 μg/cm3) than other irrigation treatments. Between the potato cultivars, Agria had significantly larger values of RLD (3.50 cm/cm3) and RMD (138.7 μg/cm3) than Sante. The functional relationship between the root growth characteristics and tuber yield showed that under water‐saving irrigations, Agria increased root mass at the expense of gross tuber yield but Sante increased root mass to maintain larger gross tuber yields. However, Agria produced more roots and gross tuber yield than Sante, and it is concluded that Agria is a more drought‐tolerant potato cultivar, which is recommended for tuber production in regions where water might be scarce. It was shown that larger root production in potatoes was associated with improved tolerance to water stress. 相似文献
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Ruimin Chao Chengqiang Xia Caixia Pei Wenjie Huo Qiang Liu Chunxiang Zhang Youshe Ren 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2021,105(1):26-34
The objective of this study was to investigate the characteristics of ruminal microbial communities of alpacas (Lama pacos) and sheep (Ovis aries) fed three diets with varying ratios of roughage (corn stalk) to concentrate, 3:7 (LS), 5:5 (MS) and 7:3 (HS). Six alpacas (one-year-old and weighing 29.5 ± 7.1 kg) and six sheep (one-year-old and weighing 27.9 ± 2.7 kg) were used in this study, in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square experiment. Total protozoa concentration was determined under the microscope; total fungi and methanogens were assessed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and expressed as a percentage of total bacterial 16S rRNA gene copies; bacterial communities were investigated by targeted 16S rRNA gene (V3–V4 region) sequencing. The percentage of fungi was significantly higher in alpacas than in sheep under the LS diet, while the concentration of protozoa was significantly lower in alpacas under HS, MS and LS diets. The alpha diversity including Shannon, Chao l and ACE indices of bacterial communities was higher in alpacas than in sheep, under the LS diet. A total of 299 genera belonging to 22 phyla were observed in the forestomach of alpaca and sheep, with Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes dominating both animal species. Phyla Armatimonadetes and Fusobacteria, as well as 64 genera, were detected only in alpacas, whereas phyla Acidobacteria and Nitrospira, as well as 44 genera, were found only in sheep. The abundance of cellulolytic bacteria, including Butyrivibrio and Pseudobutyrivibrio, was higher in alpacas than in sheep under all three diets. These differences in the forestomach microbial communities partly explained why alpacas displayed a higher poor-quality roughage digestibility, and a lower methane production. Results also revealed that the adverse effects of high-concentrate diets (70%) were lesser in alpacas than in sheep. 相似文献