辣椒夏季品比试验报告

为了考察我公司新推广品种及新配组合在高温伏旱状况下的适应性，我们于2003年5月7日在公司试验基地进行了品种对比试验。结果表明新推广品种中有九个品种或组合为极耐热或耐热，一个品种耐热性稍差。新配组合中部分表现优良，有推广前景。     

Evaluation of tangerine hybrid resistance to Alternaria alternata

The Alternaria Brown Spot, caused by Alternaria alternata, is a major fungal disease in some kinds of tangerines, tangor, mandarins and pomelos. In Brazil as well as worldwide, A. alternata can cause necrosis in fruits, branches and leaves, causing substantial profit loss. In the present research, in laboratory conditions and in the field, we evaluated the resistance to the fungus, in leaves and fruits, for 22 varieties and hybrids of tangerines. To this end, we evaluated genotypes belonging to the Germplasm Bank of the Estação Experimental de Citricultura de Bebedouro. The resistant genetic materials (found in leaves and fruits) represented four varieties of clementines (Citrus clementina); six varieties of mandarins (two belonging to C. reticulata, two to C. tangerina, one to C. deliciosa and one to C. nobilis); one tangelo (C. tangerina × C. paradisi); two mandarin hybrids (one resulting from crossing C. nobilis × C. deliciosa and the other from crossing C. clementina × C. reticulata); one tangor hybrid (C. clementina) and two satsuma hybrids (C. unshiu × C. deliciosa). We also determined a relation between the inoculation of leaves and fruits. The resistance and susceptibility following inoculation in leaves and fruits supports a relationship between these organs and the physiological responses observed for the evaluated genotypes.     

油菜抗病毒病与过氧化物酶关系

用于叶期苗在不接种病毒条件下测试过氧化物酶同工酶结果,在相对迁移率17％—47％内,有6个位点出现酶带,抗、感病品种的酶带数量、酶带出现的位点和强弱程度有明显差别。高抗品种酶带数最多,有E_3和E_4强带,E_3为弱带;高感品种酶带数最少,缺E_6和E_4,E_3为强带;低抗和低感品种的酶带介于高抗与高感品种之间。用酶带数量和各酶带强弱程度,或用酶谱薄层扫描积分值计算距离系数,而后聚类,聚类结果与抗、感病性分组完全一致。证明抗病性与过氧化物酶同工酶有密切关系,用不接种苗酶谱测定可以代替接种鉴定和田间鉴定。     

水稻亚种间的亲和性研究

对160个亚种间F_1结实率的分析表明,籼稻 IR58和二九丰、粳稻秀水117和T8340具有较好的亚种间亲和性。43个粳稻品种分别与 IR58和二九丰测交,其成对 F_1的结实率随粳稻品种不同而出现 IR58/粳高于二九丰/粳、二九丰/粳高于 IR58/粳或两者相似的情形,其最大差值可达72.6个百分点。10个籼稻品种分别与秀水117和 T8340杂交,其F_1结实率均以秀水117/籼较高,成对F_1结实率的最大差值可达39.6个百分点。这表明不存在对亚种间品种均表现亲和性的“广亲和”品种,亲和性的广与狭只是相对的,既有一般亲和性,又有特殊亲和性。本研究发现4个受测品种的亲和性与色素基因之间不存在连锁或相关关系。     

湖北省核桃品种资源和栽培区划

本文概述了湖北省核桃的栽培现状和生境条件，以及核桃品种资源及其分布，提出了湖北省核桃栽培区划。还对发展核桃生产的有关经营方向和措施进行探讨。     

硝酸还原酶活力与作物耐肥性的研究 Ⅲ.北方粳稻品种演变过程中硝酸还原酶活力与品种性状之间的关系

对北方粳稻栽培品种演变过程中品种性状和硝酸还原酶活力变化的研究表明:1)品种性状在演变过程中有了明显的变化,即从大穗高秆向多穗矮秆的方向变化;2)品种抗倒耐肥性变化的总趋势是由弱到强,其硝酸还原酶活力从高到低的变化。这就是说过去老品种大穗高秆,不抗倒不耐肥,硝酸还原酶活力高,而目前推广品种多穗矮秆,抗倒耐肥,硝     

Ecogeographic and genetic diversity based on morphological characters of indigenous rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Yunnan, China

Yunnan is one of the largest centres of genetic ecological diversity and the richest area for elite germplasm of rice (O. sativa L.) resources in the world. Its indigenous rice average diversity index of six ecological groups are, in turn, javanica (1.2319) > aman (1.1738) > communis (1.1726) > nuda (1.1618) > aus (1.1371) > boro (0.9889), and there are great differences between indica (1.1454) and japonica (1.2081). The indigenous rice in Yunnan can be divided into 58 varieties, almost the total number found in China, and the cultivars account for 8.6% of the total cultivars in China. A great difference in ecological diversity index of rice resources between prefectures or counties in Yunnan province also exists, with the southwest part (Lincang, Xishuangbanna, Dehong, Simao) and southeast part (Wenshan) having been found to be the largest centre of genetic diversity, as their average genetic diversity index ranges from 1.2735 to 1.2036, especially. The average diversity index of the Cangyuan, Gengma, Zhenkang, Yongde, Yingjiang, Jinghong, Menghai, Shuangjiang, Ruili, Longchuan, Mojiang, Wenshan and Guangnan counties, in particular, have an average diversity index ranging from 0.8 to1.0. On the contrary, in Diqing, Dongchuan, Kunming, Lijiang, Qujing, Chuxiong, it is comparatively low, i.e., 0.7843–1.1075. Differences in the ecological diversity index of rice resources between rice regions are small, only 1.1322 to 1.2849.     

Varietal discrimination and genetic relationships of Vitis vinifera L. cultivars from two major Controlled Appellation (DOC) regions in Portugal

Thirty-nine grapevine cultivars widely grown in Portugal, especially in Vinhos Verdes and Douro regions, and two well known international cultivars as standards, were genotyped at 12 microsatellite loci. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 6 to 12, and the number of allelic combinations per locus from 13 to 26. The total number of unique genotypes in the 12 analysed loci was 120, having most of the cultivars (38 out of 41) at least one unique genotype in any of the loci. The microsatellite profiles were adequate to discriminate 41 cultivars. The level of observed heterozygosity at each locus varied from 70.7% to 95.1%. VVMD28 has been revealed as one of the most informative markers. Several synonymies between Spanish and Portuguese cultivars were confirmed, and some homonymies are discussed. The genetic profiles of all 41 cultivars were searched for possible parent-offspring groups. The data obtained revealed the possible descendence of Touriga Franca from Touriga Nacional and Marufo.     

Varietal Differences of Flood Tolerance during Germination and Selection of the Tolerant Lines in Common Buckwheat

Abstract

We evaluated the varietal difference in the flood tolerance of germinated seed in 17 Japanese varieties of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench), including both local varieties and bred varieties or lines of different agroecotypes. Germinated seeds were flooded for 1 day in a growth chamber in June, July and August. The mean rate of seedling emergence from the seeds sown on different dates varied with the variety ranging from 20.4 to 57.4%. The mean emergence rate of summer agroecotypes (29.9%) was significantly lower than that of intermediate and late-summer agroecotypes (42.8 and 40.1%, respectively), and that of local varieties (44.2%) was significantly higher than that of bred varieties or lines (31.2%). These results suggest that inherent variation in flood tolerance was decreased by breeding as a result of a bottleneck effect. The local variety ‘Kitou zairai’, which exhibited a high and stable seedling emergence rate, may be a suitable choice in breeding for flood tolerance during germination. We also attempted to select for flood tolerance under mild selection pressure. Mass selection after four generations increased seedling emergence rate in five of six selected lines (with the exception of ‘Kitawasesoba’) compared with those of unselected populations, although the results varied with the line. These results indicate the possibility of breeding for flood tolerance during the germination period.     

小麦醇溶蛋白毛细管电泳分离技术及其在品种鉴定上的利用研究

本文探讨了毛细管电泳(CE)技术分离小麦醇溶蛋白的最佳条件及用于品种鉴定的潜力。大量检测结果发现,以下分离条件可获得较高的分辨度和重复性,即CE缓冲液用碱性硼酸钠(pH9.0,并含20%乙睛和l% SDS),毛细管长度47cm,内径50μm,运行电压15kV,毛细管温度30℃。在这些条件下,一个品种在25-30分钟之内,可分离出35个以上的