A BOOST TECHNIQUE FOR IRRADIATION OF MALIGNANT CANINE NASAL TUMORS

Eighteen dogs with malignant nasal cavity tumors were treated with radiation therapy, including a boost technique. Three 3:0 Gy boost doses were added to a treatment protocol consisting of sixteen 3.0 Gy daily fractions, bringing the total dose to 57 Gy. This boost technique was implemented without an associated increase in overall treatment time by giving the boost doses on a twice-a-day basis. Boost doses were given during the first half of the radiation therapy period. The treatment was completed as planned in 16 of the 18 dogs; two dogs received lower doses (51 and 54 Gy). Median survival was 177 days, poorer than in some other reported studies of nasal tumor irradiation. Acute effects were unacceptable, with 11 of the 18 dogs developing severe mucositis, desquamation, edema, swelling, and pruritus. The extensive nature of the acute reactions compromised assessment of the effect of the increased radiation dose on the tumor. Although there is justification for assessing more aggressive radiation protocols in canine nasal tumor patients, total doses approximating 60 Gy can not be given as described because of the inability of acutely responding normal tissues to compensate.     

^60Co—γ射线对玉米当代（Mo）染色体断裂规律的分析

~(60)Co-γ射线辐射玉米干种子对影响当代(Mo)染色体断裂的研究表明,断裂频率以1号和具随体的6号染色体最高,7、9和10号染色体很低,且基本不受辐射剂量大小的影响。染色体断裂数量与染色体长度无显著相关。断裂常发生在异染色质与常染色质的结合处.     

Preliminary study of plasma vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) during low- and high-dose radiation therapy of dogs with spontaneous tumors

High plasma vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) concentrations are associated with radiation resistance and poor prognosis. After an exposure to ionizing radiation in cell culture an early phase and a late phase of increased VEGF have been documented. The activation was dependent on the radiation dose. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to measure baseline plasma VEGF and changes in VEGF over the course of fractionated radiation therapy in dogs with spontaneous tumors. Dogs with tumors had a significantly higher pretreatment plasma VEGF than did dogs without tumors. Immediately after irradiation no increased plasma VEGF was observed. Over the course of radiation therapy there was an increased plasma VEGF in dogs treated with low doses per fraction/high total dose, whereas plasma VEGF remained stable in dogs irradiated with high doses per fraction/low total dose. The regulatory mechanisms are very complex, and therefore the value of plasma VEGF measurements as an indirect marker of angiogenesis induced by radiotherapy is limited.     

UV-absorbing compounds and susceptibility of weedy species to UV-B radiation

Stratospheric ozone (O₃) depletion has led to increased terrestrial ultraviolet‐B (UV‐B) radiation (290–320 nm). Leaves exposed to this radiation produce UV‐absorbing compounds in the epidermal cells, which protect plants from UV‐B damage. To determine the role of UV‐absorbing compounds in the UV‐B sensitivity of weeds (common chickweed (Stellaria media), downy brome (Bromus tectorum), green smartweed (Polygonum scabrum), redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus), spotted cat’s‐ear (Hypochoeris radicata), and stork’s‐bill (Erodium cicutarium)) seedlings were exposed to 0, 4 (field ambient), 7 (18% O₃ depletion) and 11 (37% O₃ depletion) kJ m^?2 d^?1 of biologically effective UV‐B radiation in a greenhouse. Ultraviolet‐absorbing compounds were extracted from the second true‐leaf (0.5 cm² samples) with methanol : distilled water : HCl (79 : 20 : 1) in an 85°C water bath for 15 min, and the absorbance of the extracts measured at 300 nm. The shoot dry biomass was recorded to determine the susceptibility to UV‐B radiation. Common chickweed was the most sensitive and green smartweed the least sensitive weed to UV‐B radiation. The latter accumulated more UV‐absorbing compounds and this accumulation occurred earlier compared with common chickweed. As UV‐B_BE radiation levels increased from 0 to 11 kJ m^?2 d^?1, the green smartweed shoot biomass did not decline. However, the biomass of all five susceptible species declined despite an increase in the UV‐absorbing compounds in response to increased UV‐B radiation. Therefore, formation of a ‘UV‐screen’ in these species is not sufficient to fully prevent UV‐B damage. When the concentration of UV‐absorbing compounds in the six species was plotted against their susceptibility to UV‐B radiation, no relationship was observed. Thus, while the accumulation of UV‐absorbing compounds may be a major factor in the protection of certain species against UV‐B radiation and may offer some degree of defence in other species, it does not explain UV‐B susceptibility differences in weedy species in general.     

狗牙根辐射诱变后代外部性状变异分析

对1997-2002年经过辐射诱变得到的狗牙根诱变后代的6个坪用性状指标的统计分析结果表明,1)不同的辐射诱变剂量处理的后代间坪用性状有显著差异,尤其在节间直径和密度上,6 800 rads处理的后代节间都比9 000 rads处理的后代粗,而密度是前者低于后者,2种剂量处理都可以显著降低草层高度;2)不同辐射诱变代数的后代间存在着差异,原始种源进行多代的辐射诱变,可以使得叶片显著变窄,草层高度显著降低,节间变细变长; 3)同一材料在相同辐射剂量诱变处理后匍匐茎不同节之间也存在显著的差异.     

UV-B辐射和施氮对满江红生长、矿质营养和抗氧化生理的影响

为探讨UV-B辐射和施氮对满江红(Azolla)生长、矿质营养和抗氧化生理的影响,以元阳梯田稻田满江红为材料,室内模拟UV-B辐射(0 kJ·m^-2与5.0 kJ·m^-2)和施N处理(无氮和0.06 g·L^-1氮),研究其对满江红生长、矿质营养和抗氧化生理的影响。结果表明,与CK(0 kJ·m^-2、无氮)相比,UV-B+N(5.0 kJ·m^-2、0.06 g·L^-1氮)、UV-B辐射(5.0 kJ·m^-2、无氮)处理均显著降低满江红光合色素含量,抑制其生长,导致生物量显著下降。UV-B辐射与施N单独或复合处理均显著增加满江红的N含量与累积量,降低植株Mg、Ca的含量。UV-B辐射与施N单独或复合处理均显著增加满江红丙二醛(MDA)含量,提高超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)活性,降低类黄酮含量和过氧化物酶(POD)活性。此外,UV-B辐射导致满江红抗坏血酸(AsA)含量下降、总酚含量增加,UV-B辐射与N处理显著增强满江...     

热辐射下汽车温度分布及隔热分析

为研究热辐射下汽车内部温度场分布及不同隔热措施下汽车温度上升状况,在COMSOL中运用表面辐射传热模块对汽车温度场进行仿真.首先在SolidWorks中建立普通小型汽车的三维模型,然后导入COMSOL并定义汽车不同部位材料属性,最后通过加载外部热辐射、表面漫反射等参数仿真了暴露在阳光下和停靠在阴影下两种状况汽车温度上升...     

沥青路面对城市大气受热的影响分析

根据云层的不同对路面有效辐射公式的系数进行修正。通过实测数据计算得到沥青路面和草地1 d内对大气热量输出值,对比不同时段沥青路面和草地对大气的热量输出情况。得到的结论表明,沥青路面辐射是热岛效应产生的一个重要原因。所以,如果降低路面温度就可以大大降低路面辐射,减轻城市热岛效应。     

小麦品种对增强UV-B辐射响应的RAPD分析

在前一研究结果的基础上,选用8个对UV-B辐射耐受性不同的小麦品种(4个耐性品种和4个敏感品种),进一步对其进行RAPD分析。结果表明,8个小麦品种间存在着明显的遗传多态性。聚类分析显示,在遗传距离为0.35的水平上,可将它们明显区分出耐性和敏感两大类,这与其生长响应指数(RI)的判定结果基本一致。4个耐性品种共同具有1500bp(OPA-12)的特征谱带,这一分子标记可能与小麦耐UV-B辐射相关,有待进一步研究。