小叶杨基因资源异地保存及苗期生物学特性分析

分别从东北、西北和华北收集小叶杨各类资源。并建立了异地保存基因库。同时，对小叶杨资源苗期的生长、物候期、形态特征以及同工酶谱进行了观测和分析。     

Application and crop safety parameters for soil fumigants

Metam sodium alone and in combination with 1,3-dichloropropene plus 17% chloropicrin (1,3-D+C-17) were evaluated under polyethylene mulch film as alternatives for methyl bromide in tobacco and tomato transplant production for both efficacy against pests and crop safety. Eight different weed species, 10 genera or species of fungi and several agronomic criteria were evaluated at three different sites. In general both the metam sodium alone and in combination with 1,3-D+C-17 were highly efficacious when compared to methyl bromide. Short polyethylene film retention times and short aeration times resulted in poor stands and poor crop vigor while relatively long polyethylene film retention times and long aeration periods at the same rates typically resulted in high stand counts and vigor. Combination treatments were more phytotoxic to germinating seed of tobacco and tomato. Vigor and stand counts of the seedlings were higher as aeration time increased, suggesting phytotoxic residues dissipate with time. Method of application of metam sodium, either injected with chisels or sprayed onto the soil surface and incorporated with a tractor-powered tiller alone or co- applied with 1,3-D+C-17 chisel injected, did not affect the efficacy of the treatments. Caution regarding phytotoxicity must be exercised when seeding into soil fumigated with metam sodium alone or combined with 1,3-D+C-17. Additional work will be required to establish safety periods required prior to transplanting crops into fumigated soil.     

三种外检植物病毒的灭活处理

番茄环斑病毒（ＴｍＲＳＶ），烟草环斑病毒（ＴＲＳＶ），南芥菜花叶病毒（ＡｒＭＶ）的病汁液和ＰＥＧ粗提纯液，经适宜温度或甲醛处理，均丧失侵染性而有抗原性。ＴｍＲＳＶＰＥＧ粗提纯液经６０℃（水浴）处理１０分钟或２８℃７天，ＴＲＳＶ粗提纯液置２５℃一个月，Ａｒ－ＭＶ在４０℃７天条件下均可做为阳性对照的灭活处理的最佳方案。可保存抗原性在７～１２月以上。为了防止危险性检疫病毒的侵入，对入境种苗进行检疫，需建立快速、准确、标准化检疫程序，而在血清学快速诊断试验中，提供阳性对照，对提高判断准确率是必要的。因此，为了解决在诊断试剂中提供阳性对照但又不能使其检疫性病毒人为扩散这一重要问题，我们在研究三种外检病毒（ＴｍＲＳＶ，ＴＲＳＶ，ＡｒＭＶ）的检验技术的同时，又进行了一些灭活试验，用化学和物理方法钝化病毒，使其失去侵染性而保持抗原性，并应用于酶联诊断试剂盒中，本文报道了初步试验结果     

Expression of the tobacco β-1,3-glucanase gene, PR-2d, following induction of SAR with Peronospora tabacina

Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is induced following inoculation of Peronospora tabacina sporangia into the stems of Nicotiana tabacum plants highly susceptible to the pathogen. Previous results have shown that accumulation of acidic β-1,3-glucanases (PR-2's) following induction of SAR by P. tabacina may contribute to resistance to P. tabacina. We showed that up-regulation of the PR-2 gene, PR-2d, following stem inoculation with P. tabacina, is associated with SAR. Studies using plants transformed with GUS constructs containing the full length promoter from PR-2d or promoter deletions, provided evidence that a previously characterized regulatory element that is involved in response to salicylic acid (SA), may be involved in regulation of PR-2d following induction of SAR with P. tabacina. This work provides evidence that regulation of PR-2 genes during P. tabacina-induced SAR may be similar to regulation of these genes during infection of N-gene tobacco by TMV or following exogenous application of SA, and provides further support for the role of SA in regulation of genes during P. tabacina-induced SAR.     

新型烟草漂浮塑料育苗池的研发及效益分析

新型漂浮塑料育苗池是一款在烟苗育苗建池环节中环保、高效的育苗器具,该文总结漂浮塑料育苗池的研发过程,并与常规木板育苗池进行生产效益对比分析.     

陇县烟区烤烟种植现状分析

为保持陇县烤烟生产的持续健康发展,笔者对陇县近五年的收购情况、烟叶种植成本情况、烤烟与其他作物种植与收入比较、烟农队伍进行了调查分析,结果表明,近年来当地烤烟种烟收益、烟叶等级结构及烟农队伍年龄发生了巨大变化。通过以上数据的分析,旨在为当地烤烟发展提供科学依据。     

加强烟农专业合作社建设与管理的思考

通过分析目前国内组建和发展烟农专业合作社的现状以及遇到的主要问题,提出了借鉴国外先进经验、加快土地流转、提高烟农认识、培养内生机制以及综合利用基础设施等措施,以促进烟农专业合作社的发展。     

不同温度下TMV侵染枯斑三生烟的LncRNA差异表达

【目的】 筛选不同温度下烟草花叶病毒（Tobacco mosaic virus,TMV）侵染后枯斑三生烟（Nicotiana tabacum var. Samsun NN）差异表达的长链非编码RNA（long non-coding RNA,lncRNA）,研究lncRNA在枯斑三生烟抗性反应中的作用。【方法】 N基因的温度敏感性使枯斑三生烟在25℃时具备对TMV的抗性、在31℃抗性丧失,在这两个温度条件下对枯斑三生烟接种TMV和磷酸盐缓冲盐水（phosphate buffered saline,PBS）,48 h后提取系统叶总RNA,构建链特异性文库后进行深度测序。对测序结果进行过滤后利用HTSeq将有效数据与近缘品种TN90（N. tabacum var. TN90）基因组比对,筛选得到lncRNA后利用FPKM法估计lncRNA的表达水平。通过edgeR筛选差异表达lncRNA（differentially expressed lncRNA,DElncRNA）,并利用qRT-PCR技术对这一结果进行验证。通过共定位及共表达分析预测DElncRNA的靶基因,通过参考基因组注释、GO和KEGG富集分析研究靶基因的功能。【结果】 4个处理共12个样本经lncRNA-seq各测得约8 000万条clean reads,共获得4 737条已知lncRNA、40 169条新lncRNA。其中64个lncRNA在不同温度条件下TMV侵染后存在差异表达,qRT-PCR测定结果显示这些lncRNA的测序正确率在80%左右,表明本研究所得测序数据具备较高的可信度。对DElncRNA进行靶基因预测,发现一些基因同时被25℃下调和31℃上调的DElncRNA靶向。靶基因注释功能丰富,主要参与植物抗病、激素和代谢等生理过程。部分可能与激素通路相关的lncRNA,在25℃下TMV侵染时呈现下调趋势,而在31℃下TMV侵染则呈现上调趋势。GO富集分析显示靶基因主要参与构成膜、囊泡等组分,具备钙、钾离子通道抑制剂活性等分子功能,使相应离子得以转运引发随后的反应,同时也参与发病、抗原加工和呈现、细胞分裂素代谢等生理过程。KEGG分析发现靶基因显著富集在植物激素信号转导通路,25℃下调和31℃上调的DElncRNA靶基因同时富集在激素信号传导、ABC运输蛋白、苯丙烷类生物合成等通路。【结论】 不同温度（25℃和31℃）条件下TMV侵染枯斑三生烟后,长链非编码RNA差异表达,DElncRNA通过作用于激素信号传导、物质转运等过程参与寄主系统获得性抗性反应。研究结果可为揭示植物系统获得性抗性中lncRNA的调控功能以及新型抗病毒技术开发提供依据。     

烟草氨基酸代谢及其调控机制

综述了植物氨同化以及烟草中苯丙氨酸代谢、脯氨酸代谢、美拉德反应及其与烟叶风味和品质关系的研究进展,并分析了环境因素对烟草氨基酸代谢的影响,为深入研究氨基酸对烟叶品质和风味影响的机制奠定了基础。     

烟草辣椒脉斑驳病毒病的发生与防治技术研究进展

本文综述了烟草辣椒脉斑驳病毒病的传播方式、感染特征与防治措施等方面的研究进展,以期为有效控制烟草辣椒脉斑驳病毒病提供参考。