S100A4 (metastasin) positive mesenchymal canine mammary tumour spheroids reduce Tenascin C synthesis under DMSO exposure in vitro

In breast cancer research S100A4‐positive tumour‐associated stromal cells are assumed as primary source of Tenascin C (TNC) in the metastatic environment. Aim of the present study was to isolate and characterize S100A4/TNC positive stromal canine mammary tumour (CMT) cells. Cells grown as scaffold‐free spheroids were investigated for S100A4, TNC, and proliferative activity under 1.8% DMSO stimulation by means of Western blot and immunohistochemistry. DMSO is a commonly used drug solvent despite well‐known side effects on cells including TNC expression. DMSO did not affect proliferation, but TNC was significantly reduced under DMSO exposure for 7 and 14 days, whereby for S100A4 a reducing effect was only observed after 14 days. Without DMSO, cells stably expressed TNC and S100A4 which makes them suitable to be used in experimental approaches requiring S100A4/TNC expressing CMT stromal cells. Results show that 1.8% DMSO should not be used as solvent for experiments concerning TNC/S100A4 expression.     

Rapid,non-destructive carbon analysis of forest soils using neutron-induced gamma-ray spectroscopy

Forest soils are pivotal to understanding global carbon (C) cycling and evaluating policies for mitigating global change. However, they are very difficult to monitor because of the heterogeneity of soil characteristics, the difficulty of representative sampling, and the slow time scale of response to environmental change. Here we demonstrate that use of gamma-ray spectroscopy facilitates in situ non-destructive analysis of C and other elements in forest soils. In this approach the element-specific gamma-rays are induced by fast and thermal neutrons interacting with the nuclei of the elements present in the soil. Background gamma-rays emanating from naturally occurring radionuclides in the forest are recorded as well. We applied this approach in a mature northern hardwood forest on glacial till soils at the Bartlett Experimental Forest in New Hampshire, USA. The inelastic neutron scattering (INS) system yielded strong signals in gamma-ray counts/h, from C and other elements present in the soil matrix that included silicon, oxygen, hydrogen, iron, aluminum, manganese and potassium. The INS sensitivity for carbon was 20.656 counts h⁻¹ kg⁻¹ C m⁻² based on current net C gamma-ray counts and the data for the O horizon and mineral soil to a depth of 30 cm obtained from a nearby quantitative soil pit (7.35 kg C m⁻²). We estimate the minimum detectable change to be ∼0.34 kg C m⁻², which is ∼5% of the current soil C content, and the minimum detectable limit to be ∼0.23 kg C m⁻². Eight % reproducibility from 11 measurements was limited, in part, by the large variability in the system counting geometry due to the uneven forest microtopography. The INS approach has the potential to revolutionize belowground monitoring of C and other elements, because the possibility of detecting a 5% change in forest soils has not been possible with destructive sampling methods.     

转DREB1A基因草地早熟禾对水分亏缺及旱后复水的生理响应

为探讨转DREB1A基因草地早熟禾(Poa pratensis)对水分亏缺及旱后复水的生理响应,本研究选择了草地早熟禾‘巴润’品种5个转DREB1A基因株系,在光照生长室内培养12周后,进行水分亏缺及旱后复水处理,测定了草坪质量、叶片相对含水量(RWC)、叶绿素、电解质渗漏(EL)、丙二醛(MDA)、过氧化氢(H₂O₂)、抗氧化相关酶活性和总非结构性碳水化合物(TNC)。结果表明,转基因植株适应干旱及旱后复水的能力与抗氧化相关酶活性的增加和TNC的积累有关。     

Genotypische Unterschiede in der Translokation von zwischengelagertem 14C aus dem Halm in die Körner bei Sommerweizen (Triticum aestivum L.)

Genotypic differences in the translocation of temporarily stored ¹⁴C from the stem to the grains in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
In three field experiments with two spring wheat genotypes (Kolibri and breeding line 93117 ), changes in the total nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC) of the stem were observed after anthesis. Maximum values were measured in the third or fourth week following anthesis when stems contained 300 to 400 mg TNC. Thereafter TNC content declined up to maturity.
Flag leaves of individual shoots or all plants in micro-plots were labelled with ¹⁴C 5 days prior to anthesis, at anthesis or 5 days after anthesis to observe long term movements of assimilates during grain filling. After a chase period of two to three days, 60 to 80 % of total ¹⁴C recovered in the shoot was in the stem. From total ^l4C recovered two to three days after labelling, Kolibri had translocated 12.5 to 27.0 % into the grains by maturity whereas this portion was significantly higher for the breeding line 93117 (22.5 to 43.9 %). It was concluded that genotypes differ in the translocation of soluble carbohydrates from the stem to the grains. These differences were not related to parameters describing the 'source-sink' relationship, such as leaf area, grain number or grain size. However, the lower translocation rates of Kolibri coincided with a lower TNC concentration in the stem dry matter. This was due to a higher stem weight at anthesis, a longer period of stem elongation and a higher incorporation of assimilates into structural carbohydrates in non elongating stem parts after anthesis. It was therefore suggested that the accumulation of TNC in the stem and the remobilisation of these reserves for grain filling are determined partly by factors related to the carbohydrate metabolism in the stem.     

果岭上14种匍匐剪股颖的表现(英文)

比较了在果岭区匍匐剪股颖的 6个多枝条密度品种和 8个标准品种在不同时期 ,分蘖数、根干重、非结构性糖含量的变化规律。得出了以下结论 :1)品种之间的分蘖数在 7月差异显著 (P≤ 0 .0 5 ) ,但 4月、10月不显著 ,2 )品种之间根重无区 ,但春季 6个高枝条密度品种的根重比 8个标准品种的要重 ;随修剪高度降低 ,根重减少。 3)在 18个采样日期中只有两个时期的非结结构性糖的含量显著不同 ,即在相对高温期间高枝条密度品种较标准品种非结区性糖的积累量要少。     

茶氨酸硝香酰胺对人宫颈癌细胞生长的抑制作用

前期研究发现本试验合成的茶氨酸衍生物茶氨酸硝香酰胺(TNC)具有显著抑制人肺癌细胞体内外生长的作用,为进一步探索研究TNC的抗癌活性和作用的分子机制,以其母体化合物茶氨酸为对照,评估现TNC对人宫颈癌细胞生长的抑制作用。采用MTT方法检测不同浓度的TNC对人宫颈癌细胞生长的影响,应用蛋白质印迹法检测解析这些癌细胞中与凋亡和生长密切相关蛋白的表达和药物可能作用的分子靶点。此外,通过建立动物肿瘤模型,评价TNC对荷瘤裸鼠体内人宫颈癌He La肿瘤生长的抑制效果。实验结果显示,TNC抑制人宫颈癌细胞体内外生长的活性超过其母体化合物茶氨酸多倍,对小鼠生长无明显毒性;TNC抑制人宫颈癌细胞生长的分子机制可能与抑制VEGFR2-NF-κB信号传导通路相关。本研究结果提示,TNC具有应用于临床治疗和(或)辅助治疗高转移人宫颈癌的潜力。     

Seasonal changes in carbohydrate storage and regrowth in rhizomes and stems of four boreal forest shrubs: Applications in picea glauca understorey regeneration

Understorey scarification methods are used to enhance regeneration of Picea glauca; however, understorey shrubs have been identified as major competitors for regenerating tree species. To investigate the resprouting potential of rhizomes of four boreal forest shrub species in the understorey, rhizome segments (30, 15, and 10 cm in length) of Corylus cornuta, Cornus stolonifera, Rosa acicularis, and Viburnum edule were planted in five boreal mixed‐wood sites in northern Alberta at four times during the 1994 growing season. Sugar and starch concentrations in rhizome and stem pieces of these shrubs and Epilobium angustifolium were determined for each date. The segments and their regrowth were excavated in the autumn of 1995. Rhizome length had no effect on regrowth but there was a marked increase in regrowth for segments planted late in the growing season. The cryptophyte, E. angustifoUum, accumulated large amounts of carbohydrates during the growing season, i.e. 28% of dry weight compared with 6–14% of dry weight for the phanerophytic shrubs. All four shrubs had lowest regrowth when total non‐structural carbohydrate concentrations were at their lowest levels.     

Effect of developmental stage on carbohydrate accumulation patterns during winter of timothy and perennial ryegrass

Abstract

Changes in non-structural carbohydrates before and during winter are one of the major plant responses to winter stress. However, the observed pattern of changes is variable, not only between grass species but also between different experiments. This study examined the effect of developmental stage on carbohydrate reserves during winter in two grass species differing in winter hardiness.

Timothy (Phleum pratense L.) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), sown early or late in the growing season, were sampled for total non-structural carbohydrates (TNC) in late October (end of main growing season), and then in late January, early March and late April. Quantitative and qualitative patterns of carbohydrate accumulation in crown segments were influenced both by plant genotype and developmental stage of the plants prior to winter. TNC increased from October to March, demonstrating considerable cell activity during winter, and declined to their lowest level in April. Sucrose proved to be the major reserve carbohydrate, followed by fructans. The highest content of TNC was found in the most winter-hardy cultivars, particularly in January and March. Early-sown plants accumulated higher levels of fructans than of sucrose, whereas late-sown plants mainly accumulated sucrose. These differences persisted during the winter. It can be concluded that the pattern of carbohydrate accumulation during winter differed between the two species studied and it was strongly affected by both cultivar and plant-developmental stage.     

Interaction of ozone with simultaneous water deficit and water deficit preconditioning in one-year-oldPinus densiflora seedlings

The primary objective of this study was to investigate if responses of pottedPinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc. seedlings to ozone exposure could be altered by water deficit stress applied before or during ozone exposure. One-year-old seedlings grown from seeds in pots were used. Water deficit preconditioning was done for ten weeks from May 1, 1998, followed by ozone exposure and simultaneous water deficit for eight weeks. Water deficit was controlled by monitoring xylem water potentials with a pressure chamber. Ozone was fumigated in open top chambers with an eight-hour mean concentration of 0.1 ppm. A 2³ factorial design was employed. Dry weights, carbohydrate concentrations, and leaf gas exchanges were measured. In response to the water deficit, growth and stomatal conductance were reduced, while soluble carbohydrate concentrations were enhanced. Interactions between ozone and simultaneous water deficit were significant. Dry weights were significantly decreased by ozone exposure only in well-watered seedlings, suggesting that simultaneous water deficit may alleviate the adverse effects of ozone. This protection from ozone stress observed in water-stressed seedlings resulted from: (1) reduced ozone uptake due to stomatal closure and (2) enhanced TNC (Total Nonstructural Carbohydrates) which acted as a buffer against ozone injury.     

辽西北樟子松非结构性碳水化合物分配格局分析

为探寻樟子松(Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica)非结构性碳水化合物(NST)的分配规律,选取辽西北纯林和混交林中的樟子松为研究对象,对其生长季叶、枝、根系中的可溶性糖、淀粉和TNC含量(可溶性糖和淀粉之和)进行比较.结果 表明:纯林中的樟子松较混交林的樟子松具有更高的可溶性糖和TNC含量,混...