闽东南耕地土壤硫素平衡及有效硫丰缺状况研究

通过田间试验、土样和雨水、灌溉水采集测定,以及大气硫沉降和土壤硫淋溶流失有关数据收集,研究了闽东南耕地土壤硫素平衡与土壤有效硫丰缺状况。结果表明,早稻-晚稻轮作制和花生-甘薯轮作制每年分别需要91.86,128.67 kg/hm2硫素来满足生长需求,考虑到土壤硫的淋溶和流失以及扣除施肥带入的硫素、大气沉降和灌溉水硫的给源外,早稻-晚稻轮作制需补充22.35 kgS/hm2硫素,花生-甘薯轮作制需补充64.89 kg/hm2硫素,才能维持土壤硫素输入与输出的平衡。178个土壤样品有效硫含量测定结果表明,当前闽东南耕地土壤有效硫平均为26.2mg/kg,其中水田为22.35 mg/kg,旱地则为28.31 mg/kg,低于有效硫临界指标的土样数占总数的69.0%,有效硫含量属于中等级别的只占16.3%,说明硫已成为闽东南耕作土壤的养分限制因子之一。     

钼的生物学功能及其在动物生产中的作用

分别从营养学和中毒学角度论述了钼在饲料及动物机体内的分布、吸收、代谢规律，从酶学的观点阐述了钼在动物体内的生物学作用及钼的营养与中毒的机制；钼除与酶有关外，与日粮中的铜、硫、钨等元素关系密切；动物钼缺乏或过量，与人和动物的多种疾病有关。     

永川城区主要绿化植物叶片含硫量及相对吸硫量研究

采用比容消解法和定容、分光光度计,测定了永川3个不同污染级别区域的18种植物叶片含硫量,并计算相应的相对吸硫量,用以研究植物净化SO2的能力。结果表明,在相同污染区域,不同植物种类叶片含硫量和相对吸硫量不同,其中,桂花、栀子、冬青、刺桐等植物含硫量和相对吸硫量大;植物在重污染区的含硫量和吸硫量高于中等污染区;植物叶片的含硫量和相对吸硫量存在一定的相关性,植物叶片的含硫量越高,植物相对吸硫量越大。该研究为城市园林绿地景观植物选择提供了技术支持。     

施用硫肥对两种穗型冬小麦品种群体生理、产量和品质的影响

为了研究硫肥对小麦群体生理、产量和品质的影响，以及对不同穗型品种的效应，通过随机区组试验，对豫麦49（多穗型）和兰考906（大穗型）冬小麦品种进行了不同硫肥处理。研究结果表明，适宜的硫肥处理能够增大小麦的叶面积指数（LAI），增加干物质的积累，提高群体光合（CAP）速率，而且对于提高小麦穗粒数、结实率、千粒重、容重、粗蛋白含量、湿面筋含量也有较大的作用。两种穗型小麦品种对硫肥的反应有差异，多穗型的豫麦49施硫后，产量提高幅度较大，而品质反应不明显，大穗型品种兰考906的产量和品质对硫肥的反应却相反，因此硫肥施用应考虑品种间差异。     

Does the Sulfur Assimilation Pathway Play a Role in the Response to Fe Deficiency in Maize (Zea mays L.) Plants?

Abstract

The finding that the methionine is the sole precursor of the mugineic acid family phytosiderophores induced us to evaluate whether sulfur assimilation pathway has a role in plant response to Fe deficiency. Maize plants were grown for 10 days in nutrient solution (NS) containing 80 µM Fe in the presence (+S) or absence (?S) of sulfate. After removing the root extraplasmatic iron pool, half of the plants of each treatment (+S and ?S) were transferred to a new Fe deficient NS (0.1 µM final Fe concentration) (?Fe). The remaining plants of each pre‐culture condition (+S and ?S) were transferred to a new NS containing 80 µM Fe (+Fe). Leaves were collected 4 and 24 hours from the beginning of Fe deprivation period and used for chemical analysis and enzyme assays. Results showed that iron content in the leaves was lower in plants grown in S‐deficiency than in those grown in the presence of the macro‐nutrient. Iron deprivation produced an increase in the level of SH compounds in both nutritive conditions (+S and ?S). These observations are suggestive of some relationship between S nutrition and Fe uptake. For this reason, we next investigated the influence of Fe availability on S metabolism through the evaluation of changes in ATPs and OASs activity, the first and the last enzyme of S assimilation pathway respectively. Results showed that S‐starvation increased the activity of both enzymes, but this effect disappeared in plants upon Fe deficiency suggesting that S metabolism is sensitive to Fe availability. Taken together these evidences suggest that S metabolism is sensitive to soil Fe‐availability for plant nutrition and support the hypothesis of S involvement in plant response to Fe deprivation.     

花生硫素营养特性的研究

对花生的硫素营养特性进行了研究 ,结果表明 :施硫均能显著提高花生各生育阶段对N、S的吸收量 ,提高其N、S含量 ,降低N S比 ,提高花生盛花期以后的N积累比例 ,明显促进S养分向花生籽实部分运转。在不同硫肥品种中 ,以石膏促进花生吸收N、S,提高其N、S含量的效果最好。花生在始花～盛花期吸收硫的强度最大     

不同品种春小麦硫、钙、镁吸收动态模型及分布运转的研究

以蒙麦36号等3个春小麦品种为材料,系统研究了S,Ca,Mg 3种养分在不同生育时期体内含量变化及分布运转规律;查明了其百公斤子粒吸收量,消耗系数,生产效率;建立了3个春小麦品种S,Ca,Mg养分的吸收动态模型。并应用模型理想地摸拟了最大吸收量、最大吸收速率及其出现时间。     

Arylsulphatase activity of different latosol soils of Ghana cropped to cocoa (Theobroma cacao) and coffee (Coffea canephora var. robusta)

Summary A study was undertaken to investigate arylsulphatase activity in 15 soils cropped to cocoa (Theobroma cacao) and coffee (Coffea canephora var. robusta) in Ghana. The arylsulphatase activity was correlated positively and significantly with organic C, total N, and cation exchange capacity, and correlated negatively with acetate soluble sulphate. The enzyme was deactivated at an incubation temperature of over 60°C. Preheating and oven-drying of soils decreased arylsulphatase activity. Addition of 1.0 ml toluene during the assay resulted in a sharp decline in arylsuphatase activity. The addition of trace elements at a concentration of 1 ppm caused a reduction in soil arylsulphatase activity compared with that of the untreated samples.     

硫酸盐对小白鼠钼代谢的影响

实验选择健康小白鼠52只,体重(20±0.8)g,适应5d后,随机分为4组,每组13只,实验56d。定期剖杀检查,结果表明:I和II组小白鼠有轻度中毒表现,II组与III组RBC差异显者(P<0.05),HB呈下降趋势,组间比较差异均不显著(P>0.05),II组与III组WBC差异显著(P<0.05),I组ANAE+阳性率略高于IV组,II组ANAE+阳性率持续下降,6周后与I组差异显著(P<0.05),硫与钼存在剂量效应关系。     

Sulphur speciation and turnover in soils: evidence from sulphur K-edge XANES spectroscopy and isotope dilution studies

Sulphur K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy was used to quantify S species in humic substance extracts from ten soils from the UK, China and New Zealand, which differ in land use and agricultural management. XANES spectroscopy showed the presence of most reduced (sulphides, disulphides, thiols and thiophenes), intermediate (sulphoxides and sulphonates) and highly oxidised S (ester sulphates) forms, with the three groups representing 14-32%, 33-50% and 22-53% of the organic S in the humic substance extracts, respectively. Land use had a profound influence on the relative proportions of S species. Well-drained arable soils generally had a higher proportion of organic S present in the most oxidised form than the grassland soils collected nearby, whereas paddy soils showed a more reduced profile due to episodic flooding. In the Broadbalk Classical Experiment at Rothamsted, reversion of an arable system to grassland or woodland in the 1880s resulted in an increase of the most reduced and intermediate S species at the expense of the most oxidised S species. Long-term applications of farmyard manure to an arable plot also shifted S species from the most oxidised to the intermediate and the most reduced species. Sulphur immobilisation and gross mineralisation were determined in seven soils using the ³⁵S isotope dilution method. Gross mineralisation during a 53-day incubation correlated more closely with the amounts of the most reduced and intermediate S species than with the most oxidised S species, suggesting that the former (C-bonded S) were the main source of organic S for mineralisation in the short-term.