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排序方式: 共有98条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
本文利用工程实际资料,对万亩自压喷灌工程供水成本及水费标准进行了分析讨论。并提出现阶段水费计收标准以及加强工程经营管理、降低供水成本、提高喷灌效益的初步意见。 相似文献
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喷灌条件下不同节水措施对玉米的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在宁夏中部干旱带采用起垄覆膜、无垄覆膜、起垄无膜、秸秆覆盖和对照(常规种植)进行玉米生育期、产量、叶绿素含量、光合速率、蒸腾速率、水分利用效率以及土壤水分含量等进行调查研究,结果表明:覆膜可使玉米提早成熟10 d以上,并可提高玉米的产量、保苗率,成穗率,使玉米的产量比对照提高25.7%~30.7%.影响叶绿素含量的主要是玉米各生育时期与玉米叶片的不同部位,影响最大的是叶片中部,其次是叶片基部.起垄可提高水分利用效率,起垄覆膜可促进玉米的光合速率. 相似文献
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N. Zapata E. Playán A. Martínez-Cob I. Sánchez J.M. Faci S. Lecina 《Agricultural Water Management》2007
In this paper, a contribution to the design of collective pressurised irrigation networks in solid-set sprinkler-irrigated windy areas is presented. The methodology is based on guaranteeing minimum on-farm performance, using a historical hourly wind speed database and a ballistic solid-set irrigation simulation model. The proposed method was applied to the Montesnegros Irrigation District (central Ebro basin, Spain). The district irrigates an area of 3493 ha using an on-demand schedule. The average wind speed in the area is 2.8 m s−1. An analysis of district water records showed that farmers often reduce water demand when the wind speed is high, but their irrigation decision making is limited by the capacity of the irrigation network and by the unpredictable character of local winds. Simulations were performed for 11 irrigation seasons, 2 triangular sprinkler spacings (18 m × 18 m and 18 m × 15 m), and 2 sprinkler models. The percentage of monthly suitable time for irrigation was determined for four management strategies. The first one was based on a wind speed threshold (3 m s−1), while the other three were based on three levels (standard, relaxed and restrictive) of two irrigation performance parameters: the Christiansen Uniformity Coefficient (CU) and the Wind Drift and Evaporation Losses (WDEL). The standard strategy classified the time as suitable for irrigation when CU ≥ 84% and WDEL ≤ 20%. The thresholds limits of the irrigation parameters for the relaxed strategy were CU ≥ 80% and WDEL ≤ 25%. Finally, the restrictive strategy used thresholds of CU ≥ 90% and WDEL ≤ 15%. The suitable time for the first strategy (56%) was always lower than for the standard and the relaxed strategies (with respective average values of 75 and 86%), and higher than for the restrictive strategy (30%). In order to design the collective network, the hydrant operating time was equalled to the suitable time for irrigation. The differences in the cost of the collective network plus the on-farm equipment were particularly relevant between the restrictive strategy and the other three. Differences in suitable operating time were clear between sprinkler spacings, and less evident between sprinkler models. The application of the proposed methodology may be limited by the availability of historical wind speed records and CU estimates for different combinations of sprinkler models, sprinkler spacings and wind speed. 相似文献
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本文在分析南方坡地灌溉工程特点的基础上,阐述了坡地喷灌工程选用潜水电泵的优势,并通过一个典型喷灌工程不同泵型及泵站设计方案的对比,探讨了潜水电 泵在坡地喷灌工程应用的可行性及其有待解决的技术问题。 相似文献
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Rob M. Stevens Gordon Harvey Scott Norton William Frahn 《Agricultural Water Management》2011,101(1):62-70
Wetting plant foliage with saline irrigation increases the uptake of toxic ions Na+ and Cl−. Over three consecutive seasons, Colombard vines grafted on Ramsey rootstock were irrigated with saline water (EC 3.5 dS/m) by over-canopy sprinklers during any one of the first three of the four annual growth stages: bud burst to full bloom (treatment BB-FB), full bloom to veraison (treatment FB-V), and veraison to harvest (treatment V-H). At other times, vines received non-saline water (EC 0.5 dS/m) as did the control. Seasonal average soil salinities remained relatively constant over the trial. In contrast, the concentrations of Na+ and Cl− in one-year old wood and grape juice more than doubled. In treatments FB-V and V-H the average yield over the three seasons was reduced by up to 15%. Results were compared with those obtained in an earlier study which was undertaken in the same vineyard with the same treatments applied via dripper. With drippers, the maximum reduction in the average yield over three seasons was 2%. Saline sprinkling caused rises in Na+ and Cl− concentrations of fruit, leaf lamina and one-year-old wood that were at least 7-fold, 5-fold and 2-fold greater, respectively, than the rises caused by application of the same treatments with drip. Progressive seasonal rises in the concentrations of Na+ and Cl− in these tissues were due in part to carryover of salt added in previous seasons; with saline sprinkling the magnitude of these carryovers was 4-fold greater than those with saline drip irrigation. With saline water, vignerons can reduce losses by using irrigation systems which do not wet the foliage. 相似文献
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针对喷头在低压条件下工作时水力性能较差的问题,提出采用异形喷嘴降低水滴打击强度并改善喷洒均匀性的方法.选取PY115型摇臂式喷头为研究对象,设计了3套改进喷嘴的方案,在出口喷嘴上增加了1、2、3个凹槽,凹槽的尺寸均为宽0.5 mm,高0.3 mm,位置分别在出口喷嘴下方和左右两侧.在工作压力为200 kPa下进行了试验测量,同时在正方形组合间距为13~18 m时,采用Matlab语言编制程序对其进行了仿真计算.试验和计算结果表明:在低压条件工作时,随着凹槽数量的增多,流量增大,射程缩短8.1% ~9.4%,末端水滴直径降低系数为2.9% ~ 6.8%,平均喷灌强度增大并均符合规范要求.增加凹槽有利于提高组合均匀系数,出口喷嘴增加3个凹槽时效果最佳,组合均匀系数最高超过90%,证明了所设计异形喷嘴方案的可行性. 相似文献
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