污泥土地利用的风险与控制

介绍了污泥土地利用中重金属污染、病原体和寄生虫污染、有机物污染和氮磷污染的各种风险及控制,提出了污泥土地利用中存在的问题和解决的对策。     

基于污泥浓度分区技术的理论研究

提出采用筛网（Mesh）过滤组件进行污泥浓度分区（A区和B区）的技术,解决单独MBR系统零剩余污泥排放条件下污泥浓度过高的问题。对此技术进行物料衡算,并从理论上分析A区、B区VSS（XA、XB）的变化规律。结果表明,XA随着HRTA值的增大而降低;XB随着R值的增大而降低,且随着筛网出水VSS（XA,B）的升高而增大。当XB维持在固定值时,XA,B随着R的变大而升高;XA随着R的变大而缓慢降低,从理论上证明此技术的可行性。     

污泥生物减水过程中微生物菌群的变化研究

[目的]研究污泥生物减水过程中微生物菌群的变化.[方法]采用生物好氧发酵的方法,对城镇污水厂低有机质含量的脱水污泥进行生物减水处理,分析物料配比、温度及微生物菌群的变化对降低污泥含水率的影响.[结果]试验组Ⅲ的堆体高温期（温度55℃以上）维持了7d,最高温度达62℃,在第9天含水率降至50％,减水速率达1.4％/d.同时,在生物减水过程中,嗜温菌、嗜热菌及放线菌是主要菌群,其菌种数量呈现高-低-高的趋势,有利于污泥生物减水的进行.[结论]该研究为污泥的生物减水处理提供了科学依据.     

Sewage sludge processing determines its impact on soil microbial community structure and function

Composting and thermal drying are amongst the most commonly used post-digestion processes for allowing sanitation and biological stabilization of sewage sludge from municipal treatment plants, and making it suitable as soil conditioner for use in agriculture. To assess the impact of sludge-derived materials on soil microbial properties, fresh (LAF), composted (LAC) and thermally dried (LAT) sludge fractions, each resulting from a different post-treatment process of a same aerobically digested sewage sludge, were added at 1% (w/w) application rate on two contrasting (a loam and a loamy sand) soils and incubated under laboratory conditions for 28 days. Soil respiration, microbial ATP content, hydrolytic activities and arginine ammonification rate were monitored throughout the incubation period. Results showed that soil biochemical variables, including the metabolic quotient (qCO₂), were markedly stimulated after sludge application, and the magnitude of this stimulatory effect was dependent on sludge type (precisely LAT > LAF > LAC), but not on soil type. This effect was related to the content of stable organic matter, which was lower in LAT. Genetic fingerprinting by PCR–DGGE revealed that compositional shifts of soil bacterial and, at greater extent, actinobacterial communities were responsive to the amendment with a differing sludge fraction. The observed time-dependent changes in the DGGE profiles of amended soils reflected the microbial turnover dependent on the sludge nutrient input, whereas no indications of adverse effects of sludge-borne contaminants were noted. Our findings indicate that composting rather thermal drying can represent a more appropriate post-digestion process to make sewage sludge suitable for use as soil conditioner in agriculture.     

剩余污泥臭氧化减量处置方法研究进展

综合臭氧污泥减量化近年来的发展和研究,对其技术原理和工艺应用进行分析,提出了其现存问题,并讨论了未来的技术发展万向.     

厌氧消化系统中硫酸盐对重金属化学形态的转化作用

本文对城市污水处理厂污泥厌氧消化过程中不同浓度的硫酸盐对铜、锌、镍三种重金属化学形态变化的影响进行了分析研究。结果表明，硫酸盐的存在能够促进污泥中重金属向稳定的硫化物形态转变。     

一种新的厌氧污泥比活性试验测定法

本文介绍了一种以医用血清瓶作发酵瓶、用医用注射器来量测所产沼气的厌氧污泥比活性试验测定法。实践表明此法简单实用、快速准确。     

IC厌氧反应器的污泥颗粒化研究

[目的]研究IC反应器的污泥颗粒化规律化。[方法]研究了容积负荷、酸化率、选择压、无机离子、停留时间、pH值、碱度、挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）对污泥颗粒化过程的影响。[结果]试验用普通厌氧消化污泥启动,通过不断增加反应器的容积负荷,缩小停留时间,经122d运行,形成粒径为0.5～1.5mm的形状不规则颗粒污泥,反应器容积负荷达到14kgCOD/m3.d,产气量78L/d,COD去除率达85%以上。[结论]较高的有机负荷及其产生的较高的水力剪切力和Ca2＋有利于形成密实的颗粒污泥;工艺流程中的酸化池和循环罐有利于形成甲烷活性强的颗粒污泥。     

猎德污水处理厂UNITANK工艺效果评估

广州市猎德污水处理厂二期UNITANK工艺设计规模为22万t/d,目前已运行9年。该系统对污水中的有机物、氮磷去除效果良好,出水达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》一级A标准。生化池MLSS浓度约3 000 mg/L,污泥负荷约为0.14 kgBOD5/(kg MLSS.d),实际运行已比较接近设计要求。     

响应面法优化污泥生物干燥工艺条件的研究

运用响应面法对木薯酒糟沼气发酵后污泥的生物干燥工艺条件进行优化。首先,用Plackett-Burman方法对8个相关影响因素的效应进行评价,并筛选出对污泥含水率降低有显著影响的通风量、温度、接种量3个因素;然后,用最陡爬坡试验逼近污泥含水率最低区域;最后,由中心组合试验及响应面分析确定了影响污泥含水率的最佳干燥条件,即通风量6.5 L/h、温度36℃、接种量1.5%,干燥96 h后污泥含水率降低到24.53%。