钢渣对辽宁地区水稻土壤镉素吸收的影响

硅素肥料降低重金属毒性和减少重金属在植物体内积累的研究报道尚不多见。因此,开展这一领域的研究工作,将为合理应用硅素肥料修复、利用被重金属污染的土壤提供重要的理论依据。试验通过对辽宁不同地区水稻土施加钢渣,来研究钢渣对土壤吸附镉的影响。试验结果表明:施用钢渣能够增加大石桥、辽中、抚顺地区土壤对镉的吸附能力,而对盘锦、康平、苏家屯地区吸附能力影响不大;土壤对镉的等温吸附曲线,符合Langmuir等温吸附方程和Frendlich等温吸附方程,且加入钢渣前后,最大吸附量和吸附常数在不同程度上发生变化。     

施用钢渣对水稻土pH、水溶态硅动态及水稻产量的影响

测定了盆栽水稻生育期土壤淋滤液pH和水溶态硅浓度 ,探讨了其变化规律。结果表明 ,与对照相比施用钢渣提高了土壤 pH ,且这种影响随钢渣施用量的增加和粒度变细而加强。在水稻生育期内各处理土壤水溶态硅都经历了一个先上升达到高峰 ,然后逐渐下降 ,最终趋于稳定的过程 ;施用钢渣各处理土壤水溶态硅浓度在插秧后 3～ 4周内低于对照 ,以后则高于对照 ,这种情况随钢渣施用量的增加或粒度变细而更为显著。试验结果还表明 ,施用钢渣可以明显提高水稻产量。     

辽宁省水稻生产中硅肥施用技术的研究 Ⅰ钢渣硅肥的施用技术

探讨了田间条件下钢渣硅肥的用量和施用方法。结果表明:供试土壤的水浸态硅含量低于85mgkg-1,施用钢渣硅肥能够显著提高水稻的产量;依据产量和肥料用量关系的效应方程,除康平地区的碱性水稻土外,供试的其它地区比较合理的钢渣施用量为1500kghm-2;钢渣硅肥可明显提高水稻植株体内SiO2含量,根据水稻植株体内SiO2含量随钢渣硅肥施入量的变化情况,沈阳市康平县最佳的施入量也应为1500kghm-2,钢渣基施更有利于水稻对SiO2吸收和利用;钢渣硅肥对土壤pH值影响不大,钢渣硅肥具有一定的后效。     

施用钢渣对土壤和水稻植株中硅、铁、锰的影响

盆栽试验结果表明:施用钢渣降低了土壤水溶态硅、DTPA-Fe、DTPA-Mn的含量,其效果随钢渣用量的增加而更为显著。但在钢渣用量一定时,却以中等粒度(60目)处理降低程度最大。施用钢渣还可以提高水稻植株体内硅的含量,降低水稻植株体内铁和锰的含量,其效果随钢渣用量增加或粒度变细而更为明显。     

Dynamics of microbial biomass and nitrogen supply during primary succession on blastfurnace slag dumps in dry tropics

This paper reports the role of microbial biomass in the establishment of N pools in the substratum during primary succession (till 40-year age) in Blastfurnace Slag Dumps, an anthropogenically created land form in the tropics. Initially in the depressions in the slag dumps fine soil particles (silt+clay) accumulate, retaining moisture therein, and providing microsites for the accumulation of microbial biomass. In all sites microbial biomass showed distinct seasonality, with summer-peak and rainy season-low standing crops. During the summer season microbial biomass C ranged from 18.6 μg g⁻¹ in the 1-year old site to ca. 235 μg g⁻¹ in the 40-year old site; correspondingly, microbial biomass N ranged from 1.22 to 40 μg g⁻¹. On sites 2.5-years of age and younger, the microbial biomass N content accounted for more than 50% of the organic N in the soil, whereas the proportion of microbial biomass N was ca. 7% of organic N in 40-year old site. The strong correlation between microbial biomass and total N in soil indicated a significant role of microbes in the build-up of nitrogen during the initial stages of succession in the slag dumps. Though the organic N pool in the soil was low (594 mg kg⁻¹) even after 40 years of succession, the available N (NH₄-N and NO₃-N) contents in the soil were generally high through the entire age series (ca. 16-32 μg g⁻¹) during the rainy season (which supports active growth of the herbaceous community). The high mineral-N status on the slag dump was related with high N-mineralization rates, particularly in the young sites (20.6 and 13.9 μg g⁻¹ month⁻¹ at 1 and 2.5-year age). We suggest that along with the abiotic factors having strong effect on ecosystem functioning, the microbial biomass, an important biotic factor, shows considerable influence on soil nutrient build-up during early stages of primary succession on the slag dumps. The microbial biomass dynamics initiates biotic control in developing slag dumps ecosystem through its effect on nitrogen pools and availability.     

施用废渣后土壤硅素释放特性及其影响因子的研究Ⅱ土壤硅素释放特性及其与pH的关系

选取5种工矿废渣进行室内模拟试验,研究不同种类工矿废渣作为硅肥施用对土壤硅素释放特性及pH的影响。结果表明:y=kxm方程可以很好地描述土壤硅素释放的动力学特征;施用废渣可显著提高水田土壤硅素释放速率,增加土壤硅素释放量,提高土壤溶液的pH值,土壤溶液pH与培养127天硅素累积释放量间呈极显著直线正相关关系;三种高炉渣(A、B、F)的施用效果明显好于粉煤灰(H)和金刚石矿渣(J),即三种高炉渣更适于作为生产硅肥的原料。     

钢渣在废水处理方面的应用研究

我国每年产生大量的钢渣,钢渣的综合利用关系到环境友好型社会的建设。本文简要介绍了钢渣的基本特性,综述了钢渣在废水处理方面的应用研究。     

有机肥对羊草草原植物群落物种多样性和生物量的影响

本研究以呼伦贝尔天然羊草草原退化打草场为研究对象,分析蚯蚓粪和菌渣有机肥对退化草地的响应机制,研究不同处理对草原植物群落特征、生物量和物种多样性的影响。试验采用单因素随机区组设计,设置对照,蚯蚓粪45 t·hm^-2,30 t·hm^-2,15 t·hm^-2,菌渣45 t·hm^-2,30 t·hm^-2,15 t·hm^-2共7个处理。结果表明：施用菌渣和蚯蚓粪45 t·hm^-2时地上生物量和群落盖度较对照显著提高（P<0.05）,草原植物群落特征和物种多样性明显增加。有机肥对天然草地的恢复有一定促进作用,对羊草草原植物群落物种多样性和地上生物量有显著影响,其中菌渣和蚯蚓粪45 t·hm^-2施肥量时改良效果较好。     

硅肥磷肥配合施入对水稻产量及植株体内镉含量的影响

在水稻土中添加钢渣和钙镁磷肥后,能够提高土壤外源镉污染条件下水稻的产量;在一定范围内随着钢渣或钙镁磷肥加入量的增加产量呈现增加的趋势,但进一步增加其用量时,产量呈现降低的趋势。两种改良剂配合施加时产量增加效果更明显。从取得最高产量的角度来讲,处理C14（即钢渣1.5 g/kg＋磷肥1.2 g/kg）为最佳用量;镉污染土...     

INVESTIGATION ON THE DITERMINATION OF METAL IRON IN SLAG CONTAINING VANADIUM TITANIUM ( IODIN-ALCOHOL FOR SEPARATION EDTA FOR DITERMINATION)

Great accuracy can be obtained when metal iron is determined with bromine for dissolution K2Cr2O7 for titration. Unfortunately, harmful substances such as Br2, CH3OH, HgCl2, K2Cr2O7 etc. must be used when this method. But these harmful substances can be avoided when I2-C2H5OH is used for dissolution and EDTA for titration as discussed in this paper. As this method is simple with good reapetability, it is suitable for the diterminat ion of metal iron slag containing V.Ti, in slag containing high Ti, and in common slags.