Critical comparison of the vanadomolybdate and the molybdenum blue methods for the analysis of phosphate in plant sap

Abstract

The performance of the vanodomolybdate and molybdenum blue methods for the routine determination of phosphate in plant sap were compared in order to assess their suitability for the detection of P deficiency at an early stage of plant growth. The molybdenum blue method was ca 10 times more sensitive than the vanadomolybdate one and required less sap to give a successful test. Recoveries of phosphate added to both sap and solution samples were close to 100% with both methods. The methods were in good agreement over a wide range of phosphate concentrations using sap samples from all leaves during the early stages of P deficiency, but increases in sap background colour caused the vanadomolybdate method to overestimate phosphate concentrations as the deficiency became more acute. Measurements on solutions of similar absorbance showed that the vanadomolybdate method was not significantly more variable than the molybdenum blue method but tended to overestimate phosphate concentration when very small volumes of sap were available. It was concluded that the molybdenum blue method was the most reliable for routine measurements of phosphate in plant sap.     

Effect of water deficit in different growth stages on stem sap flux of greenhouse grown pear-jujube tree

The effects of water deficit in different fruit growth stages on the variation of stem sap flux of 6-year old greenhouse-grown pear-jujube trees were investigated. Treatments included sufficient water supply during the whole fruit-growing period (T₁), mild water deficit during the flowering–fruit setting stage (T₂), moderate water deficit during the fruit rapid growth stage (T₃) and severe water deficit during the fruit maturing stage (T₄). Results showed that significant compensation effect on stem sap flux after re-watering was observed in T₂, but not in T₃ and T₄ stages. At the end of rapid growth stage, the diurnal variation of stomatal conductance generally had a similar trend as that of stem sap flux, but with a distinct midday depression from 12:00 to 14:00 p.m. In addition, a linear relationship between the relative available soil water content (RAWC) and the ratio of daily stem sap flux to that of sufficient water treatment was observed (R² = 0.4489).     

火龙果周年液流特征及其对环境因子的响应

为探明火龙果蒸腾规律,采用田间大棚试验,研究了4 a生火龙果树主茎的液流速率,并同步监测相关环境因子,分析其液流特征及其与各因子间的关系。结果表明:火龙果单日液流以春季(3—5月)最高(平均值11.95 g/h),其次是冬季,最小是夏季,呈显著性季节变化;单日液流主要呈单峰曲线,峰值出现频率最多的时段是在10:00-13:00,谷值主要出现在17:00-20:00,随后至24:00液流呈增长趋势,零点到日出前液流速率变化平缓;白天(日出-日落期间)的液流量占全天的49.60%～71.51%,夜间则降低。伴随春季火龙果新梢的大量生长,白天的液流峰值和日液流总量为四季中最高,说明生育期起主导作用,但春季的夜间液流占比(平均31.05%)显著低于其他季节(P0.01);夏季峰值出现的时间分散在上午或者下午,且液流量较低,说明高温和强光产生了抑制作用;其余季节峰值则集中在中午。白天与夜间液流总量呈显著正相关,相关系数为0.917(R~2=0.841,n=84)。瞬时尺度下液流速率与光合有效辐射(Photosynthetically Active Radiation,PAR)呈正相关(P0.01),但与饱和水汽压差(Vapor Pressure Deficit,VPD)等呈负相关(P0.01)。昼夜间液流对空气相对湿度(Relative Humidity,RH)和气温的响应相反。研究结果为火龙果水分及营养管理提供科学依据,在火龙果大棚生产的周年水肥管理中,满足春季需求是重中之重。     

锰肥施用对大豆若干生理诊断指标影响的研究

以“垦农4号”为材料,利用锰浸种和初花期叶面喷施,在小区试验的条件下研究了锰对大豆根系伤流量、伤流液中硝态氮和氨基酸含量调控的效应。结果表明,适量的锰浸种与叶面喷施可增加大豆植株的伤流量,提高大豆植株主动吸水能力和根系生理活性。不同浓度锰浸种对大豆伤流液中硝态氮与氨基酸含量影响不是很明显;适量锰叶面喷施可明显促进大豆伤流液中硝态氮与氨基酸含量,使其高于对照与高浓度锰处理。     

不同硼效率棉花品种根系参数和伤流液组分的差异

溶液培养条件下研究硼对不同硼效率棉花品种根系参数、伤流量及伤流液组分的影响。结果表明,缺硼抑制棉花根系生长,根重、根体积、根长、活跃吸收面积、总吸收面积、活跃吸收面积占总吸收面积的比例以及伤流量均显著降低,高效品种降低幅度比低效品种小;缺硼还使高效品种根系比表面积升高,而低效品种无显著变化。缺硼显著影响不同棉花品种伤流液各组分含量,与低效品种相比,高效品种伤流液中有较多的NO3-、K+、无机磷、可溶性糖和游离氨基酸。说明缺硼条件下高效品种根系比低效品种具有更强的吸收、代谢活力,可能是其硼效率较高的主要原因之一。     

甜高粱茎秆液态发酵制取乙醇工艺技术

甜高粱茎秆液态发酵制取乙醇工艺技术是国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)《甜高粱茎秆制取乙醇》(课题编号:2001AA 514040)项目中关键技术之一,本文简要的论述了该项技术的工艺流程、工作原理和性能指标。该项研究成果主要以甜高粱茎秆汁液为原料,采用固定化酵母流化床快速发酵工艺,并克服了固定化细胞技术中普遍存在的载体机械强度低、使用寿命短等技术难题,同时根据乙醇酵母的生理、生化特性制定了一套适用于高技术的乙醇生产新工艺。该项技术具有发酵速度快、发酵率高,成熟醪酒份高、残糖低、能耗低。     

3种果树伤流液中氮素形态分析

以核桃、猕猴桃和葡萄为试材,分析和比较了3种果树伤流液中游离氨基酸、硝态氮和铵态氮的含量。结果表明,3种果树伤流液中氨基酸有1216种,各种氨基酸含量不同。春季,总氨基酸含量核桃最多,葡萄最少。猕猴桃伤流液中硝态氮含量较高,达205.252 mg·L-1,葡萄次之,而核桃伤流液中硝态氮含量很低,仅有0.495 mg·L-1 。3种果树伤流液中铵态氮含量很少,低于1.2 mg·L-1。西北林学院学报21卷第3期禹 婷等3种果树伤流液中氮素形态分析     

桦树汁加工利用研究进展

桦树汁含有丰富的营养成分和生物活性物质。本文综述了近１０年来我国在桦树汁采收,浓缩及饮料、食品等加工利用技术方面的研究进展     

干旱、外源ABA和不同pH溶液对玉米木质部汁液pH的影响

干旱胁迫和外源ABA处理玉米幼苗后 ,根、茎的木质部汁液pH升高 ,叶中木质部汁液 pH略有降低 ;不同 pH外源溶液处理也都不同程度改变了木质部汁液 pH ,其中以 pH值为 6的外源溶液处理后的效果最明显。     

用热扩散式茎流计测定园林树木蒸腾耗水量

采用热扩散式边材液流探针和环境自动监测系统对北京3种园林树木的树干液流及主要环境因子进行了一个生长季的同步观测.结果表明,3树种树干液流的日变化呈明显的单峰曲线,晴天的液流速率大于多云天和阴天,紫叶李和悬铃木的日耗水量明显大于元宝枫;对不同天气3树种每h的液流速率与相应的环境因子进行逐步回归分析.结果显示,影响3树种液流速率的主要环境因子是空气温度、空气相对湿度、辐射强度和5 cm土层温度,在不同天气里起主导作用的因子不同,环境因子与树干液流之间的数量关系能较好地预测树木的蒸腾耗水量.