人居环境视角下居民垃圾分类意愿实证研究及政策建议——基于河南省郑州、洛阳、商丘和漯河四地市的调研

基于河南省人居环境现状,分别对郑州、洛阳、商丘和漯河四地市进行了实地调研,通过建立二元Logistic模型,分析了影响居民垃圾分类意愿高低的因素。结果表明:文化程度、经济发展、政策支持对提高居民垃圾分类意愿具有较强的正相关影响,而居民人居环境满意度对提高垃圾分类意愿具有负相关影响;女性相比男性的垃圾分类意愿更高,城市居民相比农村居民的垃圾分类意愿更高。基于此结论,从政府和社会两个方面分别提出了相关建议,以供参考。     

Soil aggregate formation and stability induced by starch and cellulose

Soil aggregate (SA) can be formed and stabilized when soil organic matter (SOM) is decomposed in the soil. However, the relationships between the SA dynamics and SOM with different decomposition rates have not been clarified. Therefore, this study examined the effects of the addition of polysaccharides to soil on SA formation and stability. A Japanese tropical soil was incubated for 99 d at 30 °C in a dark environment following the addition of 0.5% (w/w) starch or cellulose. The decomposition rates of the amendments, and SA formation and stability were evaluated by measuring soil respiration rates, and distribution fractions of soil aggregate sizes and mean weight diameter (MWD) of SA, respectively. The cumulative soil respirations with all treatments rapidly increased until Day 12 of the incubation. The initial slope of the cumulative soil respiration in the soil with starch was significantly higher than that in the soil with cellulose. In either soil with starch or cellulose, the fractions of macro-aggregates (>1000 μm in diameter) significantly increased, respectively, compared with control soil. However, the fractions of meso-aggregates (250–1000 μm) and nano-aggregate (<20 μm) in the soil with starch significantly decreased, while those fractions in the soil with cellulose fluctuated until Day 6. The MWDs reached the maximum on Day 6, indicating the SA formation in the soils with starch or cellulose. The increasing rate of the SA formation in the starch-amended soil was greatly higher than that in the cellulose-amended soil. After Day 6, the MWDs in the soils with either polysaccharide decreased with similar trends with no significant differences between treatments, indicating similar stability of the SA in both treatments. This study showed that the different decomposability of the organic amendments might influence the SA formation differently, but not the SA stability.     

Antioxidant,anti-amylase and anti-glycation potential of brans of some Sri Lankan traditional and improved rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties

Brans of 23 traditional and 12 improved (both red and white) rice varieties in Sri Lanka were screened for anti-amylase and anti-glycation activities in vitro. Varieties which showed the highest inhibitory activities at screening were further investigated for anti-glucosidase and glycation reversing as anti-diabetic properties. The same varieties were studied for selected antioxidant properties. Significantly high anti-amylase and anti-glycation activities were observed for bran extracts of red varieties compared to white varieties at screening. Traditional red rice varieties, Masuran, Sudu Heeneti, Dik Wee and Goda Heeneti, exhibited significant and dose dependent anti-amylase, anti-glycation and glycation reversing activities. These varieties also showed marked antioxidant properties. It is concluded that brans of Sri Lankan traditional red rice varieties Masuran, Sudu Heeneti, Dik Wee and Goda Heeneti may be potential food supplements for diabetes.     

影响单螺杆挤压膨化机性能因素的试验研究

对被挤压物料的熔融过程进行了分析，应用正交多项式回归设计法，找出转速，物料湿度，压力等因素对机器生产率，耗电量，膨化率等的影响，并用模糊数学综合评判法，通过多因素试验对机器的诸性能进行评价，得出优选组合排序，为提高单螺杆式挤压膨化机的性能和制品质量，提供了一定的理论依据。     

甜高粱茎秆汁液锤度与可发酵糖含量的关系

甜高粱茎秆富含糖分,是生产燃料乙醇的良好原料。在甜高粱育种或生产中,常用锤度估算汁液含糖量,但锤度与可发酵糖的关系还不是很清楚。本文采用81个甜高粱材料,种植于北京、天津(盐碱地)、河北3个地点,研究了茎秆汁液锤度与可发酵总糖和蔗糖含量的关系。结果表明,北京、河北、天津三个地点甜高粱茎秆汁液总糖/锤度(糖锤比)总平均值分别为0.76、0.74和0.72,其中天津的甜高粱茎秆汁液糖锤比显著低于北京。北京、河北、天津三个地点甜高粱茎秆汁液锤度与总糖、蔗糖含量的相关性均达极显著水平,相关系数分别为0.8911,0.8376和0.9186,其中天津点显著低于河北。适合北京和河北非盐碱地种植的甜高粱茎秆汁液的锤度、可发酵总糖含量的整合回归方程为Y=0.8969X-1.7576(R2=0.8237);天津盐碱地糖锤比低于北京,相关系数显著低于河北,故其回归方程Y=0.9343X-3.1726(R2=0.7015)只可供其它盐碱地区参考。锤度和糖锤比的相关系数显著低于总糖含量和糖锤比的相关系数,说明含糖量高,锤度也高,但锤度高,含糖量不一定高。该结果对于甜高粱育种和加工工艺设计具有重要参考价值。     

基于农户调查的江汉平原地区农村土地流转意愿研究及影响因素分析

农户是参与农地流转的主体之一,实现土地合理流转必须以尊重农民意愿为前提。以江汉平原为研究区,运用Logistic二元回归模型对研究区278户农户土地流转意愿的影响因素进行分析,得出以下结论:(1)研究区农户的土地流转意愿较低,流出土地的农户比例为17.99%,流入土地的农户比例为25.17%;(2)影响农户土地流出意愿的主要因素是农地收入功能、外出务工劳动比例和耕地面积,农地收入功能越高,外出务工人数越少,耕地面积越多,农户的土地流出意愿越强;(3)影响农户土地流入意愿的主要因素是户主文化水平、农地政策了解程度、是否具备耕种能力、农地收入功能、耕地质量和村集体经济状况,户主文化水平越高,对农地政策越了解,耕种能力越强,农地收入越高,农户的农地流入意愿越强,而耕地质量越高,村集体经济状况越好,农户的农地流入意愿越弱。     

干湿度梯度及植物生活型对土壤氮磷空间特征的影响

通过对我国土壤氮磷含量及化学计量比值的分布特征研究,探讨了湿度梯度与植物生活型对土壤氮磷空间分布的影响。研究结果表明:中国陆地系统自然土壤氮、磷含量及氮磷比分别在0.02~8.78 g/kg,0.05~1.73 g/kg和0.06~9.85范围内变化,地形和气候因素对其空间变异性的影响均较为显著。干湿度梯度分带对土壤氮含量和氮磷比值的影响较磷含量更为明显,氮含量与氮磷比呈现出明显的梯度变化特征,表现出湿润区半湿润区干旱区半干旱区的规律,而磷含量变化不显著。在不同生活型植被土壤中,森林土壤氮磷的变化规律较灌木和草本土壤更为复杂;其植物磷平均含量低于全国平均值,说明森林生态系统植物受磷元素的限制作用与其较低的土壤磷含量供给有关。土壤氮磷含量和氮磷比与年均降水量和年均温度的相关性及逐步回归分析表明,土壤氮磷及其化学计量的变异性主要是受降水的影响。     

四川省土壤温度状况空间分布特征

土壤温度状况(STR)在现代土壤系统分类中是确定土壤分类单元的重要诊断特性。利用四川省160个气象站点的多年年均和月均地面气候资料与数字高程模型数据,分析不同气象因子与地形因素对土壤温度(土温)的影响,然后以显著影响的因子为辅助变量,采用回归克里格法预测四川省STR的空间分布,依据中国土壤系统分类高级与基层分类划分标准中有关STR的定量诊断指标,对四川省STR及其空间分布特征进行分析。结果表明,气温、经度、纬度与海拔对土温有显著影响,在高级分类划分标准下,四川省STR以热性、温性、寒性为主,部分区域为永冻、冷性、高热;在基层分类划分标准下,四川省STR以热性、温性、冷性为主,部分地区为高寒性、近寒性、亚寒性、高热性。四川省STR分析为四川土壤系统分类与土壤资源的合理利用提供了科学依据。     

家禽诊疗文本多实体关系联合抽取模型研究

针对传统实体关系抽取方法中主体特征与句向量难以有效融合、现有BIO标注策略难以有效处理重叠关系的问题,提出一种基于BERT和双重指针标注的家禽疾病诊疗文本实体关系联合抽取模型(Joint extraction of entity relationship of poultry disease diagnosis and treatment text,JEER_PD)。JEER_PD使用双重指针标注(Dual-pointer labeling, DPL)策略,建立头、尾2个指针标注器,一次性标注出所有实体的开始和结束位置;引入CLN(Conditional layer normalization)网络层,强化主体抽取任务与客体关系联合抽取任务之间的联系;利用概率平衡策略PBS对抗正负类标签类别失衡,以加速模型收敛。实验表明,JEER_PD准确率、召回率和F1分别为97.69%、97.59%和97.64%,3项指标较现有方法均有显著提升,说明JEER_PD能够快速、准确地抽取家禽疾病诊疗复杂知识文本中的实体关系三元组。     

金光杏梅叶面积回归测算研究

以金光杏梅成熟叶片为试材,研究了叶长、叶宽与叶面积的关系.结果表明:叶长、叶宽与叶面积均呈正相关关系.叶长、叶宽与叶面积之间的相关系数分别为0.7084、0.8546,叶长和叶宽与叶面积的复相关系数为0.9868,在0.01水平下均达到了极显著水平.在此基础上建立了叶长(x1)、叶宽(x2)、叶长和叶宽与叶面积(y)之间的回归方程y=61.4140x1-2 480.6、y=28.7600x2-0.8546、y=17.6276x1+41.2594x2-1 078.4906,3个回归方程均可用于测算金光杏梅的叶面积,其中以叶长和叶宽与叶面积的二元回归方程测算结果更为精确.在具体应用中,可根据所要求的精确度进行选择.