Effect of Psammaplin A on in vitro Development of Bovine Aging Oocytes

To investigate the effect of histone deacetylation inhibitor Psammaplin A (PsA) on the development of bovine aging oocytes in vitro,oocytes were randomly divided into control group,aging group and 50 mmol/L PsA treated aging group (PsA group).Immunofluorescence staining and JC-1 were used to detect the blastocyst rate of bovine oocytes after parthenogenetic activation,the number of cells in blastocysts,apoptosis,reactive oxygen species (ROS),glutathione (GSH) and mitochondrial membrane potential intensity of embryos.The results showed that the blastocyst rate of the aging group was significantly lower than that of PsA and control groups (P<0.05).The blastocyst rate of PsA group was not significantly different from that of control group (P>0.05).The number of cells in the blastocysts of control group and PsA group were significantly higher than that of aging group (P<0.05).The number of cells in the blastocysts of PsA group was not significantly different from that of control group (P>0.05).The apoptosis rate in aging group was significantly higher than that of control and PsA groups (P<0.05),the apoptosis rate of PsA group was significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05).The GSH level of MⅡ oocytes in aging group was significantly lower than that of control and PsA groups (P<0.05).There was no significant difference in GSH level between control and PsA groups (P>0.05).The ROS level of the embryos in aging group was significantly higher than that of control and PsA groups (P<0.05).The ROS level in PsA group was significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05).The mitochondrial membrane potential of early embryos of aging group 4-8 cells was significantly lower than that of control and PsA groups (P<0.05).The mitochondrial membrane potential intensity of control group was significantly higher than that of PsA group (P<0.05).In summary,PsA could effectively delay the aging of bovine oocytes and improve the quality of oocytes.     

Overexpression of StRbohA in Arabidopsis thaliana enhances defence responses against Verticillium dahliae

Plant NADPH oxidases are key regulators of plant–microbe interactions and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are essential to plant defences against pathogens. A significant part in the role played by ROS has been ascribed to plant respiratory burst oxidase homologs (RBOHs). In potato (Solanum tuberosum), where RBOHs were previously shown to be involved in wound-induced oxidative burst, we assessed their expression after inoculation with Verticillium dahliae Kleb. and showed that StRbohA was the only homolog to be differentially induced in potato in response to inoculation. In order to investigate the potential role of this gene in plant protection against wilt diseases, we used Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Arabidopsis to assess the effects of its overexpression on plant responses to V. dahliae. After inoculation with this pathogen, the transformed Arabidopsis line overexpressing StRbohA showed lower disease severity (percent damaged leaf area and vascular discoloration) as compared to the wild type. It also had higher ROS production and more cell death caused by hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), compared to the wild type. Suberization of root cells was also more pronounced in the line overexpressing StRbohA, and supports a possible role for StRBOHA in plant resistance to V. dahliae. Together, these findings indicate that overexpressed StRbohA in Arabidopsis enhances the ROS-mediated defence mechanisms against V. dahliae and can be a potential tool to improve plant resistance to this and other soilborne pathogens that cause wilts in economically important crops.     

Effect of AIR on Inflammatory Reaction Infected by Brucella

In order to investigate the effect of AIR on inflammatory reaction infected by Brucellamelitensis (16M), the AIR domain of Tecpr1 gene of murine macrophages RAW264.7 were knocked down (I-A), overexpressed (O-A) and reversed (OA-IA). Using the chlorine fluorescein (DCFH-DA) as a probe, we detected the variation of ROS production and mitochondria distribution by confocal laser scanning microscopy. We observed the expression changes of NLRP3, ASC and Caspase-1 by qRT-PCR and the expression changes of IL-18,IL-1β and Caspase-1 in host cells by ELISA. The results showed that 16M could stimulate RAW264.7 cells to produce ROS by time-dependent pathway, and I-A group and O-A group showed more abnormal accumulation of mitochondrial. The results of qRT-PCR and ELISA suggested that it had effect on the expression levels of NLRP3, ASC,Caspase-1 and IL-18, IL-1β and Caspase-1 in cells of different groups. Those results indicated that with AIR gene deletion, the release amount of ROS changed, mitochondrial clustered abnormally, and AIR was closely related to the activation of inflammasomes and induction of inflammatory reactions.     

Changes in peroxidase activity and lignin content of cultured tea cells in response to excess manganese

Abstract

The present study was undertaken to identify the effects of manganese (Mn) on the activity of peroxidase (PO) and the amount of ascorbic acid (AsA) and lignin, as well as the cell viability of suspension-cultured tea cells (Camellia sinensis L. cv. Yabukita). Cells were grown in B5 medium (containing 0.06 mmol L^?1 Mn) and cultured for 24 h in medium with a Mn concentration of 0.9 mmol L^?1 as an excess treatment. No significant difference was observed between cellular growth and the viability of the cultured tea cells after treatment with excess Mn compared with cells grown under control conditions, although the content of Mn in cells in the excess Mn treatment was 12-fold higher than that of the control cells. The amount of total AsA was also not affected by the Mn treatment. The activity of ionically wall-bound peroxidase (IPO) increased in the presence of excess Mn, unlike the content of lignin. Conversely, the activities of soluble PO and covalently wall-bound PO decreased with excess Mn. These findings suggested that IPO might contribute to Mn tolerance in tea cells. However, its role in the mechanism(s) of Mn tolerance has not been elucidated.     

机器人在设施农业领域应用现状及发展趋势分析

机器人技术在设施农业领域的广泛应用,不仅大幅提升农业产量,也能够体现一个国家农业现代化科技水平。机器人操作系统ROS的兴起,逐渐成为国内外设施农业机器人研究开发的热点。对国内外机器人设施农业领域相关研究探讨分析,综述当前机器人在种苗嫁接移栽、喷药施肥、果蔬收获加工、畜禽健康养殖等设施农业领域方面的应用现状,总结归纳SLAM地图构建、自主导航、机器视觉三种机器人关键技术研究趋势,并对比分析路径规划中Dijkstra算法、BFS算法、A*算法的优缺点以及机器视觉在果蔬采摘分选等领域的发展趋势。面对农业向智慧农业方向发展,总结并展望设施农业机器人未来发展趋势。     

罗汉果花提取液对亚硝酸盐清除效果研究

探索罗汉果花提取液对亚硝酸盐的清除效果,为罗汉果花的开发利用提供相关理论依据。以罗汉果花提取液对亚硝酸盐的清除率为考察指标,分别研究不同提取方法和提取溶剂所获得的提取液对亚硝酸盐的清除效果,在确定最佳提取方法和提取溶剂的基础上,通过单因素试验和正交试验对提取工艺进行优化。结果表明,采用蒸馏水作为溶剂,利用微波辅助浸提法效果较好,最佳提取工艺为：微波功率490 W,提取时间2 min,料液比1∶15（g/mL）。在此条件下,罗汉果花提取液对亚硝酸盐清除率达到56.83%。     

植物谷胱甘肽应答非生物胁迫的分子机制

谷胱甘肽(GSH)是一种普遍存在于植物中的抗氧化剂,在维持组织抗氧化防御和调节氧化还原敏感信号转导中起着关键作用。深入研究GSH在非生物胁迫中的作用,对从分子水平揭示植物GSH积累的调控机制具有重要意义。本研究从植物GSH代谢途径及其相关酶、GSH在植物应激反应中的调节、GSH参与植物激素代谢等方面进行综述,并对谷胱甘肽在植物生长发育、与其它信号通路间交互作用的研究前景进行展望,以期为植物谷胱甘肽代谢以及其在非生物胁迫方面的研究提供一定的理论参考。     

低温胁迫诱导斑马鱼ZF4细胞ROS及MAPK相关蛋白表达的影响

为了研究鱼类低温下分子调控机制及其与活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)之间的关系,本实验对斑马鱼(Danio rerio)胚胎成纤维ZF4细胞进行不同程度的低温胁迫(18℃和10℃),监测其在不同低温胁迫时间下(1 d、3 d和5 d)ROS的变化以及丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase,MAPK)通路中蛋白的表达情况。结果显示:(1)DCFH-DA探针法表明在低温胁迫作用下,细胞内ROS含量增加。细胞内ROS上升水平与外界胁迫压力成正相关。低温处理3 d后,18℃和10℃的细胞,其ROS含量与对照组(28℃)相比分别显著升高到(1.23±0.04)倍(P0.05)和(2.31±0.08)倍(P0.05)。(2)Western Blot检测磷酸化的p38(p-p38)和磷酸化的JNK(p-JNK p54和p-JNK p46)的水平变化,结果显示低温胁迫可以使p38和JNK的活性增强,且均在10℃处理3 d达到最高水平。(3)进一步检测DNA断裂标记蛋白γH2A.X的表达水平,结果显示,无论在18℃还是10℃,其在第3天呈现高表达。本实验初步证实低温胁迫能够诱导斑马鱼细胞ROS的产生;通过对不同时间点的蛋白表达水平检测,发现p-JNK、p-p38和γH2A.X激活时间点与低温诱导ROS表达时间点相吻合。该研究为后期对斑马鱼细胞低温胁迫实验奠定基础,其中低温下处理3 d可以作为一个检测各个蛋白变化的关键时间点。     

Purification and Characterization of a New DPPH Radical Scavenging Peptide from Shrimp Processing By-products Hydrolysate

A peptide with high antioxidant activity was isolated and identified from shrimp processing by-products hydrolysate. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity was used to evaluate the antioxidant activity of fractions. The purified antioxidant peptide was identified as Ser-Val-Ala-Met-Leu-Phe-His (804.4 Da) by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. The purified peptide at 50 μg/mL showed antioxidative activity of 65.7 ± 0.9%, which was 3.18-fold higher compared with the first step separation by ion-exchange chromatography. It is possible to produce natural antioxidative peptides from shrimp processing by-products hydrolysate. The high antioxidant activity may be due to the presence of Phe-His segment at the C-terminus of the peptide.