大豆叶茸毛着生状态的变异及其与豆卷叶螟抗性的相关性

大量观察发现大豆叶柄茸毛着生状态有别于叶片茸毛着生状态.根据对392份来自全国各生态区的代表性样本的观察,将叶片茸毛着生状态分为匍匐、半匍匐和斜立3类,将叶柄茸毛着生状态分为紧贴、倾斜和直立3类.发现茸毛着生状态与地理来源有关,纬度增大,斜立型叶片茸毛和直立型叶柄茸毛有增加的趋势.叶片和叶柄茸毛着生状态存在极显著相关性,X2为164.72.叶片茸毛着生状态和叶柄茸毛着生状态与豆卷叶螟抗性等级间也存在极显著相关,X2分别为187.46和123.44.匍匐、半匍匐叶片茸毛和紧贴、倾斜叶柄茸毛是抗虫性状,而斜立叶片茸毛和直立叶柄茸毛是感虫性状.卷叶率、虫包在叶片和叶柄茸毛着生状态间都存在显著差异.匍匐型、半匍匐型叶片茸毛能分别降低32.25%和3.72%的虫包数,51.37%和6.89%的卷叶率.紧贴型、倾斜型叶柄茸毛能分别降低25.93%和46.40%的虫包数.42.20%和62.81%的卷叶率,大豆叶茸毛着生状态呵作为豆卷叶螟扰性的指示性状,用于大豆抗豆卷叶螟的种质筛选和育种.     

Heritability and gene effects for incorporating pubescence into cowpea (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Vigna unguiculata</Emphasis> (L) Walp.) from <Emphasis Type="Italic">V. rhomboidea</Emphasis> Burtt. Davy

Cowpea, an important subsistence pulse crop in the tropics and subtropics is susceptible to several insect pests that seriously limit its yield potential. Pubescence (hairiness) on the parts of some of its wild relatives has been reported to reduce the damage caused by some of the insect pests. A generation mean analysis was conducted between a cowpea variety IT82D-716 and two accessions of Vigna rhomboidea to investigate the gene effects and heritability for incorporating pubescence into cultivated cowpea from V. rhomboidea. The additive-dominance model that was adopted in the analysis was observed to sufficiently explain the mode of inheritance of leaf and stem pubescence with the additive effect being more important than the dominance effect. A six-parameter model with epistatic gene interactions was adequate for explaining the inheritance of pod pubescence. Heritability estimates, in the narrow sense were high for pubescence density and pubescence length. Inheritance of pubescence in crosses between cowpea and V. rhomboidea was governed by one and two genes. Significant and higher additive gene effects and high-heritability suggest that backcross selection schemes should be responsive in the development of pubescent cowpea lines.     

大豆叶面茸毛密度和长度的QTL定位

大豆叶茸毛形态对抗虫性、耐旱性等均有重要作用。本研究利用2个重组自交系群体NJRIKY (KY)和NJRIXG (XG)进行叶面茸毛密度和长度的遗传与QTL定位分析。结果表明,2个性状在2个群体中均有大幅度变异,存在不同程度的超亲分离,两者有极显著负相关(r= –0.49和–0.62),叶面茸毛密度的遗传率(75.7%~76.8%)高于叶面茸毛长度的遗传率(45.2%~62.9%);检测到2个叶面茸毛密度主效QTL (XG群体的PD1-1和KY群体的PD12-1,表型贡献率分别达20.7%和21.7%);两群体叶面茸毛密度遗传构成中加性QTL贡献率占20.7%~36.2%,互作QTL只占0%~1.4%,而未定位到的微效QTL所占份额很大,为38.1%~56.1%,是以往只用定位程序而未注意遗传构成解析所没有发现的特点;未在KY中检测到叶面茸毛长度加性QTL,互作QTL贡献率也仅4.2%,而微效QTL贡献率达58.7%;但在XG中叶面茸毛长度加性QTL Pl1-1和Pl12-1贡献率分别达18.3%和22.5%,占主要成分,互作QTL和微效QTL贡献均较小,说明该性状两群体的遗传构成有很大差异。大豆叶面茸毛密度和长度的遗传涉及多个效应不同的基因/QTL。     

Molecular mapping of genes determining hairy leaf character in common wheat with respect to other species of the Triticeae

Two major genes controlling leaf pubescence were mapped on chromosomes 4BL (Hl1) and 7BS (Hl2 ^Aesp ) in wheat (Saratovskaya 29) and a wheat/Aegilops introgression line (102/00^I), respectively, together with quantitative trait loci (QTLs) determining hairiness of the leaf margin (QHl.ipk-4B, QHl.ipk-4D) and auricle (QPa.ipk-4B, QPa.ipk-4D) on the long arms of chromosomes 4B and 4D, respectively. The QTLs on chromosome 4D were contributed by a synthetic wheat and, therefore, originated from Aegilops tauschii. The homoeologous group 4 wheat/A. tauschii genes/QTLs detected in the present study were aligned with the barley pubescence genes Hln/Hsh and Hs _b and the hairy peduncle rye gene Hp1. The locus seems to be pleiotropically responsible for the pubescence of different plant organs in different species of the Triticeae. Another homoeologous series may be present on the short arms of the homoeologous group 7 chromosomes, based on the results of an allelic test cross between the Chinese local cultivar Hong-mang-mai carrying Hl2 and the wheat/Aegilops speltoides introgression line 102/00^I.     

亚比棉茎叶茸毛性状研究

实验研究人工合成异源 4倍体亚比棉茸毛性状、形态、密度和性状遗传结果表明 ,亚比棉茎、叶茸毛主要着生于其脉上 ,中脉、侧脉至小支脉茸毛密度依次呈递减趋势 ,且其茸毛茎 >叶 >花器官。分布密度茎部为 12 .30根 /mm2 ,叶部为 10 .38根 /mm2 。茸毛复毛数量远大于单毛 ,分枝一般 6～ 7根 ,多者达 15根以上 ,最长可达 6 2 0 μm。亚比棉茸毛优良性状系其父本野生比克氏棉多毛抗虫优良性状的转育和表达。