生物占位因子防治仔猪黄白痢的试验研究

生物占位因子是一种生物高科技产品,该产品对由毒素源性大肠杆菌引起的仔猪黄、白痢病具有良好的预防兼治疗作用。本试验研究应用该产品通过初生仔猪口服进行预防,并应用本品对未预防和预防后发病的病猪进行治疗,配合有效的饲养环境消毒,使猪群预防后发病保护率达到93％以上,病猪治愈率达到95％以上。     

凉山规模化猪场仔猪猪瘟免疫程序的制定

本试验通过研究免疫状况良好的母猪群所产仔猪获得母源抗体的方式,仔猪体内母源抗体的持续时间,仔猪不同免疫程序的免疫效果等,从而制定出仔猪猪瘟的最佳免疫程序。     

Microbial activity in the gut of piglets: II. Effect of fibre source and enzyme supplementation

Twenty four Duroc × Landrace male piglets, aged 21 days, were assigned to 1 of 4 experimental diets. Diets 1 and 2 contained 150 g kg^− 1 wheat bran and diets 3 and 4 contained 90 g kg^− 1 maize cobs as the major fibre source. All diets contained 480 g kg^− 1 wheat and 200 g kg^− 1 soybean meal. Diets 2 and 4 were supplemented with the following enzyme complex: 800 U/kg cellulase, 1800 U/kg glucanase and 2600 U/kg xylanase.

The replacement of wheat bran by maize cobs increased the acetic (P < 0.05) and decreased the butyric acid production (P < 0.05) in the cecum. Piglets fed diets with maize cobs had lower (P < 0.05) levels of butyric acid in the colon than those fed wheat bran.

The xylanolytic, pectinolytic and cellulolytic enzyme activities were higher (P < 0.05) in the cecum and colon of piglets fed the wheat bran based diets. The supplementation of the diet with the enzyme complex did not significantly affect the levels of short chain fatty acids formed in the small intestine and there was a non significant increase of the levels of acetic, propionic and butyric acids in the cecum and colon of piglets (P < 0.10). No interactions were present between fibre sources and enzyme addition.

The results suggest that the enzyme supplementation of the diet did not bring significant benefits to the animals and that when maize cobs replaces wheat bran in diets it negatively affects butyric acid production and fibre-degrading enzyme activity in the hindgut of piglets.     

Increasing diet viscosity using carboxymethylcellulose in weaned piglets stimulates protein digestibility

Ileal indigestible protein may be an important factor for the occurrence of post weaning diarrhoea in piglets. Depending on the quantity of indigested protein, an imbalance in the microbial community can occur, resulting in an overgrowth of pathogens. Diet viscosity may influence nutrient digestibility and substrate availability for microbial growth. Therefore, we examined the effect of dietary viscosity in piglet nutrition. Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) was added as a model substance in order to increase diet viscosity. The effect of 1% supplemented CMC on nutrient digestibility, morphological and physiological parameters was measured in piglets 3 weeks post weaning at 26 days of age. The main effects of inclusion of CMC were:

– A 10% slower gastric emptying rate (P = 0.18).

– An increased protein hydrolysis in the gastric fraction, measured as increased nitrogen concentration in the liquid phase of gastric contents (26% in control vs. 34% in experimental group; P = 0.13).

– An increased production of the protein hydrolysing enzyme amino-peptidase from 359 U/g protein for the control diet to 516 U/g protein for the experimental diet (P < 0.01).

– A numerical increase in apparent ileal protein digestibility by 6% from 75.2% to 79.5% (P = 0.22) and a significant increase in faecal protein digestibility by 5% (P = 0.044).

These results indicate that an optimized diet viscosity might be one factor exerting a beneficial influence on protein digestibility. We hypothesize that the effect of diet viscosity on gastric emptying rate is the major factor.     

仔猪钙磷缺乏症的病理学研究

试验用8周龄长白×雅南杂交断奶仔猪24头,分4组,分别喂给基础(低磷低钙)饲粮(Ca0.06％,P0.216％),低磷(Ca0.65％,P0.216％)、低钙(Ca0.218％,P0.55％)和正常对照(Ca0.65％,P0.55％)饲粮。低磷组病变表现为类骨组织大量增生,血清磷含量显著降低。低钙组和基础组表现为纤维性骨营养不良,并且长骨骺板下有出血、坏死和裂缝;甲状旁腺、甲状腺组织增生,血清钙含量明显下降。测基础组碱性磷酸酶活性时,有显著升高。发病各组胫骨的钙、磷及粗灰分含量均有显著性降低。并对甲状旁腺和胫骨骨骺进行了电镜观察。     

铁苋菜提取物对仔猪生长性能、血液生化指标及肠道菌群的影响

目的:本试验旨在研究铁苋菜提取物对仔猪生长性能、血液生化指标及粪样菌群的影响.方法:选取同一批次的25日龄健康的外三元断乳仔猪120头,平均体重为9.60+0.65 kg/头,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复10头,公母各半;试验组分别为铁苋菜提取物组Ⅰ和组Ⅱ、抗生素组及对照组,铁苋菜提取物组Ⅰ和组Ⅱ在基础日粮中分...     

Effects of magnesium on the performance of sows and their piglets

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplemental magnesium (Mg) on the performance of gilts and parity 3 sows and their piglets. Fifty-six gilts (Trial 1) and 56 sows (Trial 2) were assigned to one of 4 treatments according to their mating weight, respectively. The treatments comprised corn-soybean meal based gestation and lactation diets (0.21% magnesium) supplemented with 0, 0.015, 0.03, or 0.045% Mg from mating until weaning. The results showed that magnesium supplementation significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the weaning to estrus interval in both gilts and sows. There were significant effects (P < 0.05) of supplemental magnesium on the total number of piglets born, born alive and weaned in sows. In late gestation and lactation, the digestibility of crude fiber (quadratic effects, P < 0.05), and crude protein (P < 0.05), were significantly influenced by magnesium in gilts and sows, respectively. There were differences among the 4 groups in terms of the apparent digestibility of dry matter and crude fiber in sows (P < 0.05) during both early and late gestation. The apparent digestibility of gross energy was increased for sows in late gestation (P < 0.05), and lactation (quadratic effects, P < 0.05). At farrowing and weaning, serum prolactin levels and alkaline phosphate activities linearly increased in sows as the Mg supplementation increased (P < 0.05). Serum Mg of sows at farrowing and serum urea nitrogen of sows at weaning was significantly influenced by Mg supplementation (P < 0.05). The Mg concentration in sow colostrum and the serum of their piglets were increased by supplemental magnesium (P < 0.05). In addition, growth hormone levels were linearly elevated (P < 0.05) in the serum of piglets suckling sows. Our data demonstrated that supplemental magnesium has the potential to improve the reproduction performance of sows, and the suitable supplemental dose ranged from 0.015% to 0.03%.     

在不同有效磷日粮中添加植酸酶对仔猪生产性能的影响

将体重相近的60头15kg左右的杜长大仔猪分为5个处理（对照组、AP降低0．1％、AP降低0．12％、AP降低0．1％＋酶、AP降低0．12％＋酶），每个处理3个重复，每重复4头仔猪。研究结果表明：曰粮有效磷水平和植酸酶对仔猪生长、料重比都有显著的影响（P〈0．05），与对照组相比，当日粮有效磷水平降低0．1％，仔猪体重、日增重会显著降低，而料重比显著上升；当有效磷降低0．1％添加植酸酶时，仔猪体重、日增重会显著增加，而料重比显著下降；当日粮有效磷降低0．12％时，不论加酶与否，其体重、日增重都会显著下降，而料重比会显著增加。     

Effect of Glutamine Supplementation on Abilities of Antioxidative and γ-glutamyl Transpeptidase Activities in Liver and Intestine of Piglets Fed Diets Containing Raw Soybean

Eighteen male piglets weaned at 28 days age were randomly assigned to one of three treatments(1% glutamate, 1% and 2 % glutamine supplementation). The basal diet contained 5 % raw soybean. The di-ets were calculated to be isonitrogenous and isoenergetic. The level of plasma glutahione (GSH) increasedmarkedly in piglets fed glutamine, and the response was related to dose. In treatments Ⅰ and Ⅱ, the levels ofplasma GSH were significantly higher than that in the control at the 35 days age (P＜0.05). The level of plas-ma GSH in treatment Ⅱ was significantly higher than that in the control at 42 days age (P＜0.05). At 49days age, there was no significantly difference of the level of GSH in plasma, liver, spleen, intestine and mes-enteric lymph node. The level of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in liver and spleen was higher than that of thecontrol, however, the difference wasn't significant. Dietary glutamine supplementation decreased γ-glutamyltranspeptidase(γ-GT) activities in liver. The activities of γ-GT of liver protein in treatment Ⅱ were signifi-cantly lower than that in the control (P＜0. 05). The activities of γ-GT of duodenum in treatments Ⅰ and Ⅱwere also significantly lower than that in the control (P＜0.05). But there were no significant differences ofthe activities of γ-GT in jejunum and ileum. The results showed that dietary glutamine supplementation in-creased the level of plasma GSH, and decreased γ-GT activities.