四川低山丘陵地区多年生冷季型优良牧草引种试验

2001～2003年在四川省洪雅县对从国内外引进的15个多年生冷季型牧草品种的生育状况、产量、营养品质等指标进行了试验研究.结果表明:由于气候原因紫花苜蓿和百脉根不能结实;白三叶品种Ladino和紫花苜蓿品种Amerigraze702的产草量最高,而单位面积粗蛋白质产量最高的是红三叶品种Cherokee;所引进的禾本科牧草中只有鸭茅品种Pennlate可以越夏.     

苏南丘陵区秋播苜蓿适用伴生作物筛选试验

为解决苏南丘陵区苜蓿苗期的杂草问题,从保护播种入手,在多年生黑麦草、一年生黑麦草、黑麦、小黑麦四种作物共五个品种中寻找适宜的伴生作物.通过对产量、株高、杂草率等多个指标测定分析,筛选出中新830小黑麦、赣选一号黑麦草适于用作苜蓿播种的伴生作物,同时获得两个苜蓿存活率最高的处理：苜蓿（15kg/hm^2）＋中新830小黑麦（150kg/hm^2）撒播及苜蓿（18 kg/hm^2）＋中新830小黑麦（250kg/hm^2）30cm条播.试验还表明撒播方式下,苜蓿播量与其竞争力不成正比。     

Environmental performances of giant reed (Arundo donax L.) cultivated in fertile and marginal lands: A case study in the Mediterranean

Perennial rhizomatous grasses (PRGs) tend to have a high yield combined with a low environmental impact. Cultivation in marginal or poorly cultivated land is recommended in order not to compromise food security and to overcome land use controversies. However, the environmental impacts of using different types of soil are still unclear. We thus assessed the environmental impact of two giant reed (GR) systems cultivated in a fertile soil (FS) and in a marginal soil (MS) through a cradle-to-plant gate LCA. We analyzed energy balance, GHG emissions (including LUC, not including iLUC), and the main impacts on air, water and soil quality. In both systems the annualized soil carbon sequestration was more than twofold the total GHG emitted, equal to −6464 kg CO₂eq ha⁻¹ in FS and −5757 kg CO₂eq ha⁻¹ in MS. Overall, soil characteristics affected not only GR yield level, but also its environmental impact, which seems to be higher in the MS system both on a hectare and tonne basis. The production of GR biomass in marginal soil could thus lead to higher environmental impacts and a more extensive land requirement.     

琥珀酸黄杆菌促生机理及其对多年生黑麦草生长和抗逆性的生理调控作用

为探究琥珀酸黄杆菌（Flavobacterium succinicans）对非生物胁迫下多年生黑麦草（Lolium perenne）的缓解效应,本试验研究了菌株DSM4002的生物学特性,并在盆栽条件下,分析了干旱（维持相对含水量（30±5）%处理7 d和14 d）、低温（4℃处理3 d和7 d）和盐胁迫（150 mM NaCl处理5 d和10 d）下根际接种DSM4002对多年生黑麦草生长和生理特性的影响。结果表明,DSM4002具有分泌吲哚乙酸（Indole-3-acetic acid,IAA）、溶磷和产铁载体能力,对壮观霉素、卡那霉素等具有抗性,对氯霉素敏感。同时,接种DSM4002能够提高正常生长、干旱、低温和盐胁迫下多年生黑麦草的生物量、抗氧化酶活性、可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量,降低相对电导率和丙二醛（Malondialdehyde,MDA）含量。综上,琥珀酸黄杆菌促进多年生黑麦草的生长与其自身具有分泌IAA、溶磷和产铁载体能力有关,而且它能够调节植物体内氧化还原平衡,从而增强多年生黑麦草的抗旱、抗寒和抗盐能力。     

乙烯利对干旱条件下多年生黑麦草生理指标的影响

本研究以'Neruda','Accent','MS','AST'4个品种多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne L.)为试验材料,研究叶片喷施乙烯利对多年生黑麦草耐旱性的影响.结果表明,喷施乙烯利后干旱处理10 d时,'Neruda'、'MS'和'AST'叶片相对含水量显著提高,所有品种电解质渗透率均下降,'Ner...     

Earthworm biomass response to soil management in semi-arid tropical Alfisol agroecosystems

Earthworms recorded during 1989–1993 across 15 soil management treatments, comprising three different tillagexthree organic amendments (bare, farmyard manure, and rice straw) and six perennial ley treatments, belonged to two endogeic species, Octochaetona phillotti (Michaelsen) and Lampito mauritii Kinberg, while in a nearby undisturbed natural revegetation area three species were found, including the above two and Octonochaeta rosea (Stephenson). The earthworm biomass showed significant temporal and spatial variations and was higher during the post monsoon period than in the early rainy season. No worm biomass was recorded during the dry season. In the tillage and organic amendment treatments, the biomass was drastically reduced from September 1989 to September 1991 after the application of carbofuran and some herbicides, and was significantly reduced during these two years compared to that of 1992. The maximum monthly earthworm biomass ranged between 2.5 and 17.9 g m^-2 across the treatments and increased several-fold in the nearby natural revegetation area (75.9 g m^-2). It significantly increased in perennial ley treatments compared to annual treatments with organic amendments. Thus the earthworm biomass varied significantly (P<0.01) across the 15 treatments, indicating discernible effects of soil management.Visiting Scientist (under the Rockefeller Foundation Environmental Research Fellowship in International Agriculture)     

冬小麦旱地周年覆盖栽培技术

在旱地中采用周年覆盖栽培技术 (秋覆膜 ) ,对汛期降水蒸发的抑制率可达 3 0 %～ 5 0 %,比春覆膜 (对照 )多保蓄 3 172mm/hm2 以上的降水 ;秋覆膜的垄与麦沟形成微型集雨区 ,降水易向沟内径流 ,可多聚水 15 0 0mm/hm2 以上 ,两者合计多蓄水 4672mm/hm2 以上。冬春两季 0～ 10cm地积温 ,垄上与垄底分别增加约 40 0℃和 2 0 0℃。土壤内各种微生物增加 0 .66～ 1.2倍 ,土壤总孔隙度提高 4.5 1%,速效N、P2 O5 、K2 O含量分别增加 5 .88%、2 4.69%、10 .3 1%。旱地冬小麦增产 2 5 .5 %～ 40 .3 %。     

多年生野生大豆G．tomentella种花粉形态的种内差别

对染色体数分别为４０，７８，８０的多年生野生大豆Ｇ．ｔｏｍｅｎｔｅｌｌａ种花粉进行了光学显微镜和扫描电镜的观察。发现花粉粒的大小随着染色体数目的增加而变大。染色体数目不同，花粉外壁的纹饰也存在明显的差异。     

多年生黑麦草高频再生体系的建立及优化

从外植体预处理方式、基本培养基、激素浓度等方面着手,对多年生黑麦草愈伤组织诱导、继代、不定芽分化及再生过程中的影响因素进行了研究,提高了再生频率。结果如下：切取胚端半粒种子,经75%乙醇处理1min,0.1%HgCl处理15min,在经无菌水清洗4～6次后接种方式较好;愈伤组织诱导培养基以MS＋2,4—D 8.0 mg/L（或另添加甘露醇25 g/L）为佳;愈伤组织接种于MS＋2,4—D 8.0mg/L＋甘露醇25 g/L上进行1～2次继代后于NB＋6—BA2.0 mg/L上进行分化;不定芽转接至MS＋6—BA2.0 mg/L上进行扩繁或于1/2MS＋NAA0.5mg/L＋IAA0.5mg/L上进行生根。     

多年生香豌豆的形态特征及经济性状研究

多年生香豌豆是黄河水利委员会天水水土保持试验站引进的国外优良牧草品种。试验针对多年生香豌豆的形态特征、经济性状及其生长状况进行了试验研究，发现多年生香豌豆无论是作为牧草还是水土保持物种都具有极高的经济价值和生态价值，适于黄土高原及其与青藏高原结合部的气候条件下生长，对于解决上述地区牧草品种单一，植被退化及农村饲料短缺等实际问题，改善西北地区生态环境，促进农业产业结构调整，实现区域生态经济可持续发展等都具有重要的意义。