利用基础导入系分析粳稻基因的遗传效应

 【目的】为了有效地评价粳稻等位基因在籼稻遗传背景中的遗传效应，为籼粳亚种间优良基因的利用提供理论和实践依据。【方法】以粳稻品种日本晴（Nipponbare）为供体亲本、籼稻品种珍汕97B（Zhenshan 97B）为受体亲本，经过杂交、回交，结合分子标记辅助选择，构建了88个基础导入系, 每个导入系具有相同的籼稻遗传背景，且只含有一个或少数粳稻的导入片段，每个导入系的导入片段叠加起来能覆盖整个粳稻的染色体。利用基础导入系群体进行单株产量、有效分蘖数、千粒重和每穗实粒数的数量性状基因（QTLs）定位和遗传效应分析。【结果】共检测到29个具有显著遗传效应的位点（QTLs）。其中6个QTL具有正向的加性效应和超显性效应，其余23个QTL具有负向的加性效应和超显性效应。【结论】一些粳稻基因导入到籼稻中能表现出不同程度的增产效应；超显性效应对水稻籼粳杂种优势起重要作用。     

Linked dominant alleles or inter-locus interaction results in a major shift in pomegranate fruit acidity of ‘Ganesh’ × ‘Kabul Yellow’

Summary Inheritance of fruit acidity in pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) was studied in 3 sweet or low acid (‘Ganesh’, ‘Ruby’ and ‘Kabul Yellow’) and 3 sour or high acid (‘Nana’, ‘Daru’ and ‘Double Flower’) varieties and their progenies. The F₁ and F₂ data of ‘Ganesh’ × ‘Nana’ showed that fruit acidity is monogenically controlled and the sour nature is dominant over sweet. Further, whether a genotype produces sweet or sour fruit is determined by a major gene (SS) while a few modifiers with small effects cause fluctuations in the acidity levels within sour and sweet types. All the trees of 3 crosses involving ‘Daru’ produced acidic fruits but those of (‘Ganesh’ × ‘Nana’) × ‘Daru’ reached acidity as high as 71.2 g/l which could be because of cumulative influence of modifying genes derived from the two acidic varieties ‘Nana’ and ‘Daru’. Pollination of functionally sterile ‘Double Flower’ variety with single (normal) flower types revealed that ‘Double Flower’ is a dominant mutant from an acidic fruited genotype (Ss). The segregation pattern in F₁ indicated the possible linkage between genes governing total acidity and flower type. All the F₁ hybrids between ‘Kabul Yellow’ and ‘Ganesh’ (sweet × sweet) were sour fruited with almost 8-fold jump in fruit acidity over the mid-parental value. The steep increase in acidity cannot be convincingly attributed to overdominance which is certainly rare at major gene level. Alternatively, linked dominant alleles or epistatic effect of neighboring loci which readily simulate overdominance (pseudo-overdominance) could have caused a major shift in F₁ fruit acidity.