Compatibility of root growth and tuber production of potato cultivars with dynamic and static water‐saving irrigation managements

The important root characteristics of root length density (RLD) and root mass density (RMD) generally differ among irrigation managements and potato cultivars. The objective of this study was to investigate the RLD and RMD variations and their functional relationships with gross potato tuber yield for two commercial potato cultivars, Agria and Sante, under different irrigation strategies. Full irrigation and water‐saving irrigation strategies, deficit and partial root drying irrigations, were applied statically (S) and dynamically (D) based on daily crop evapotranspiration. Results showed that SPRD had significantly greater RLD (3.64 cm/cm³) and RMD (132.7 μg/cm³) than other irrigation treatments. Between the potato cultivars, Agria had significantly larger values of RLD (3.50 cm/cm³) and RMD (138.7 μg/cm³) than Sante. The functional relationship between the root growth characteristics and tuber yield showed that under water‐saving irrigations, Agria increased root mass at the expense of gross tuber yield but Sante increased root mass to maintain larger gross tuber yields. However, Agria produced more roots and gross tuber yield than Sante, and it is concluded that Agria is a more drought‐tolerant potato cultivar, which is recommended for tuber production in regions where water might be scarce. It was shown that larger root production in potatoes was associated with improved tolerance to water stress.     

数量化理论Ⅲ在土地质量综合评价中的应用

木文对土地质量综合评价的方法进行了探讨,首次提出将数量化理论Ⅲ应用于土地质量分级。与目前使用的系统聚类、动态聚类方法相比,数量化理论Ⅲ更适合于变量类型为定性变量的土地资源调查资料的分类。它弥补了系统聚类方法和动态聚类方法在土地资源评价中应用的局限性,数量化理论Ⅲ是一种可用于土地质量分级的理想方法。     

Landscape and habitat factors affecting cabot's tragopan Tragopan caboti occurrence in habitat fragments.

Cabot's tragopan Tragopan caboti is an endemic and endangered pheasant of the lower montane forests of southeastern China. The typical habitats of the tragopan have been seriously fragmented because of forest management for timber production and farmland reclamation in recent years. The effects of the fragment size and isolation on the distribution of the cabot's tragopan were studied in Wuyanling Natural Reserve. Thirty one habitat fragments (2.5-48.5 ha) surrounded by non-habitat sapling coniferous forests, in an intensively managed forested landscape, were surveyed over four seasons for the occurrence of cabot's tragopan. Five of the 31 fragments were occupied in all four seasons and nine were not occupied. Both landscape and habitat factors affected the occurrence of cabot's tragopan, with landscape factors having the greatest effect. Large and less isolated habitat fragments containing a larger amount of the tree Daphniphyllum macropodum were occupied significantly more often than small, isolated fragments. The appearance of cabot's tragopan in the habitat fragments was best explained by the size of the fragments, the distance to the nearest suitable habitat and the amount of macropdous daphniphyllum trees. Our results could be used to improve the management of the forests where Cabot's tragopan occurs in southeastern China.     

潜江小城镇景观规划

潜江小城镇的水资源丰富但开发落后，绿系统不完善，街景缺乏工艺性。在对现状调查分析的基础上，提出了对过境公路、水体、街景进行动感空间、情感空间规划的建议，对乡土化设计、恢复性设计进行了探讨。     

CVT起步离合器模糊控制算法研究

探讨了汽车无级变速器控制的关键技术之一———汽车起步离合器的控制技术,并针对汽车起步时条件的多样性以及驾驶员意图的不确定性,研究了适用于复杂条件的模糊控制算法.在离合器的滑磨阶段,把动态跟踪发动机转速的油压作为控制目标,离合器结合的控制便转化为一闭环控制.结果表明汽车能在任意工况下平顺快速起步.因此,本研究为控制CVT(Continuously Variable Transmission)起步离合器这种时变、非线性系统提出了一种简单可行的解决方法.     

羊草＋杂类草群落生物量动态模式的研究

对黑龙江肇州县羊草＋杂类草群落地上生物量的季节动态、地下生物量的分布以及地上生物量与降雨量、温度之间的关系进行了分析．结果表明，在生长季内，群落地上生物量动态模式呈单峰型，符合四次多项式模型增长，最大地上生物量出现在８月５日，其值为１９７．３ｍ２而后下降；群落地下生物量分布由上至下呈负幂函数变化，其模型为：Ｂｕ＝Ｙ·（Ｄ＋１０）－ｘ．其中在０－３０ｃｍ土层中，群落地下生物量占总地下生物量的７７％～８２％．     

人工种植沙拐枣生长发育特性及营养动态的研究

沙拐枣属蓼科沙拐枣属多年生灌木，主要分布在我国的西北地区,本文就沙拐枣人工种植后的出苗状况，生长发育特性及不同生育期营养成分变化动态等进行了研究，为我国西部大开发生态治理工程中沙拐枣的大面积推广种植提供了指导。     

承德避暑山庄杜梨瘿螨发生规律研究

[目的]研究杜梨瘿螨在杜梨树上的自然发生规律,并观察评估杜梨瘿螨对其他果树、蔬菜为害的可能性。[方法]野外调查结合室内观察了解杜梨瘿螨在杜梨树上的自然发生规律 室内人工接虫饲育观察杜梨瘿螨对其他多种果树、蔬菜为害的可能性。[结果]基本摸清了杜梨瘿螨在杜梨树上的自然发生规律,杜梨瘿螨在承德一年发生2代,以成螨于杜梨芽鳞内越冬,春季4月中旬在杜梨树初展叶时,越冬螨虫开始出蛰活动 7月下旬叶面上的虫瘿数达到最高峰,8月上旬后螨虫开始蛰伏越冬。接虫饲育试验表明,杜梨瘿螨仅在桃、山楂叶片上能存活较长时间,但不能形成虫瘿,在所有的供试果树和蔬菜上均不能最终成活。[结论]杜梨瘿螨活动为害期集中在4~7月,具有生态脆弱性,属单食性害虫,只能在杜梨树上形成虫瘿,对供试的多种植物不构成危害。     

从江县柑桔矢尖蚧发生特点及主要因子分析

对近几年从江地区柑桔矢尖蚧(Uaspis yanonensis(kuwana))发生危害的情况和特点进行了总结和分析,指出管理不善、不易抓住防治时机、虫源和天敌是影响柑桔矢尖蚧发生的主要因子,并提出了相应的防治对策。     

具粘弹性支承的柔轴弹性盘转子系统的动力学分析

讨论了柔轴弹性圆盘转子系统在粘弹性支承下的临界转速和动力稳定性问题，轴和支承具有不对称的阻尼系数和刚度系数，利用能量法和耗散系统的Lagrange方程推导了系统的运动微分主程，阐述了求解方法，大多数的不稳定区出现在不平衡共振附近，通常可以通过调整轴、支承的阻尼和刚度系数的恰当组合来减小不稳定区域。