Preparation and characterization of gluten-free sheeted doughs and noodles with zein and rice flour containing different amylose contents

This study aimed to explore the feasibility of zein as a gluten alternative in preparing sheeted doughs with rice flours containing different amylose contents (12, 19, and 26%) that were successfully slit into noodle strands. Rice-zein mixtures with lower amylose contents exhibited lower pasting parameters and the high amylose paste samples possessed more elastic properties. Higher water absorption was observed in the low amylose rice-zein mixture whereas the use of zein were effective in increasing the stability of rice dough regardless of amylose content. In case of thermal conductivity, the noodle doughs prepared with high amylose rice-zein mixture had low thermal conductivity, probably implying a long cooking time. The structure of the rice-zein noodles had a tendency to become firmer with increasing levels of amylose by showing greater breaking stress and resistance to extension that could be correlated to reduced cooking loss.     

Structural,rheological and gelatinization properties of wheat starch granules separated from different noodle-making process

In this study, three typical wheat cultivars (ZM366, AK58, and ZM103) with high, medium, and low gluten strength, respectively, were selected as the raw material. The starch granules separated from different stages of the noodle-making process, including kneading, resting, sheeting, cutting, and drying, were used to explore the structure, dynamic rheology, and quality of the noodles. The D50 (median diameter) of the starch granules decreased during the noodle-making process, and the reduction was enhanced by an increase in the gluten strength of the flour. Between steps 4 and 5 of the noodle-making process, the solubility of ZM103 variety increased from 4.3% to 5.0% at 80 °C, while the peak viscosity decreased from 3626 to 3386 mPa s, which resulted in a decrease in the cooking loss of noodles. Similar trend was observed in the ZM366 and AK58 varieties. The gelatinization enthalpy was reduced, suggesting that the crystalline regions of the starch granules were destroyed during the kneading process. Between steps 4 and 5 of the noodle-making process, the elastic modulus of the starch granules significantly increased, while the temperature at which maximum elastic modulus was decreased, indicating an increase in the crystalline stability of starch during the drying process. Correlation analysis indicated that the changes occurred to the gelatinization property was primarily due to the change in the particle size.     

Wx-1基因变异和优质HMW-GS组合对中筋小麦品质的影响

高分子量谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)和Wx蛋白是两个影响小麦理化品质和制成品品质的重要因素。为研究HMW-GS和Wx基因变异对小麦理化品质、面条感官评分和质构特性的影响,以镇麦9号和扬糯麦1号为亲本的2个高代系为试验材料,研究了优质HMW-GS 5+10及Wx基因缺失对小麦理化品质及面条加工品质的效应。结果表明,品系1与品系2的湿面筋含量和SDS沉淀值与镇麦9号相近,但显著好于扬糯麦1号。相较于镇麦9号,品系1与品系2的直链淀粉含量分别降低了1.5%和2.5%,其峰值黏度和稀懈值均显著高于镇麦9号,膨胀势也高于镇麦9号。5+10亚基显著提高了面条质构参数中的硬度和咀嚼性,而Wx基因缺失显著提高了面条的软硬度评分和光滑性评分。综合来看,具有5+10亚基和 Wx-D1缺失型的品系2具有较高的SDS沉淀值、面团形成时间和稳定时间、较低的直链淀粉含量、较高的峰值黏度、稀懈值和膨胀势,蛋白质和淀粉综合品质表现较好。品系2面条总评分最高,显著高于镇麦9号和扬糯麦1号,其主要体现在适中的面条软硬度和较好的光滑性。推测Wx基因缺失和优质HMW-GS聚合可显著提高小麦淀粉品质和蛋白质品质,有效改善面条的蒸煮品质和感官评分。     

河北省主推中筋小麦品种面条加工适应性研究

为了解河北省主推中筋小麦品种的面条加工适应性、筛选优质面条小麦品种,对河北省19个主推中筋小麦品种的籽粒、面粉品质性状及面条加工品质特性进行了系统检测与分析。结果表明,河北省中筋小麦品种大部分品质性状的遗传多样性较为丰富;适宜制作面条加工的小麦品种有16个,占河北主推中筋小麦品种的84.21%,其中适宜制作优质面条的小麦品种有6个;面条感官总分与中筋小麦面粉的湿面筋含量呈极显著正相关,与拉伸长度呈显著正相关,与弱化度呈显著负相关,与面条质构参数(TPA)的粘聚性和回复性均呈极显著正相关,与面条TPA的弹性、胶着性、咀嚼度和拉伸距离均呈显著正相关;面条TPA指标参数可间接反映面条的感官品质。     

环境与品种对小麦淀粉理化特性和面条品质的影响

测定了13个小麦品种在3个地点的淀粉理化特性和面条品质,结果表明直链淀粉含量、膨胀势和面条品质主要受遗传因素的控制,品种间变异平方和分别占总变异平方和的57.5%、52.3%和58.6%,但环境因素也有重要影响。RVA主要黏度指标则有所不同,低谷黏度和最终黏度主要受品种的影响,其变异分别占总变异的40.2%和48.0%,而峰值黏     

Dough rheological properties and noodle-making performance of non-waxy and waxy whole-wheat flour blends

Dough rheological properties and noodle-making performance of non-waxy whole-wheat flour (WWF) with partial- or full-waxy (PW- or FW-) WWF substitution were studied. The substitution levels were 0, 250, 500, 750, and 1000 g/kg, respectively. FW-WWF reduced the peak viscosity and pasting temperature of WWF blends as its substitution level was increased due to its higher proportions of B-type starch granules and short amylopectin chains, while PW-WWF increased peak viscosity with the increasing substitution level because of its higher amylopectin content. As demonstrated by farinograph and rheometer measurements, FW-WWF interfered with gluten development because of the increased competition for water by arabinoxylans and amylopectin; however, PW-WWF enhanced dough strength due primarily to its increased protein content. Consequently, FW-WWF showed a detrimental effect on cooked noodle texture as the cooked noodle hardness was reduced by 50% at the 1000 g/kg substitution level. In contrast, PW-WWF enhanced noodle integrity and elasticity by increasing cooked noodle cohesiveness and resilience by 10.1% and 14.8%, respectively, at the 1000 g/kg substitution level. The results suggest that with waxy WWF substitution, the changes in starch composition, arabinoxylans, and protein content could modify the interactions among flour components and influence the quality characteristics of noodle products.     

淀粉老化调控对燕麦全粉挤压面条蒸煮品质的影响

燕麦粉不含面筋蛋白,使燕麦全粉面条煮熟后易浑汤、蒸煮损失率大,目前只能温水浸泡复水食用,是限制燕麦更广泛推广的难题之一。为了满足市场对燕麦全粉面条的需求,以利用二级挤压技术生产的燕麦全粉挤压面条为试材,对成型面条进行了调湿老化、蒸制老化及冷冻老化处理,比较了不同老化方式对燕麦全粉挤压面条蒸煮品质的影响。结果表明,调湿老化处理的面条蒸煮损失率最小(2.26%~3.34%),蒸制老化次之(4.19%~5.19%),冷冻老化最大(5.16%~7.97%)。不同老化处理的面条感官评分差异不显著,以调湿老化处理24h的面条感官评分最高(87.2分);调湿老化处理面条的淀粉相对结晶度(12.47%~16.10%)、热焓值(1.044 0~1.056 0J·g-1)及回生值(519.5~558.0cP)均最大,蒸制老化次之,冷冻老化最小。综合分析可知,对燕麦挤压面条进行淀粉老化处理,能够显著降低燕麦全粉挤压面条的蒸煮损失率,最优方式为调湿老化24h。     

富碘鱼面的生产工艺

介绍了富碘鱼面生产工艺，该工艺是对传统食品进行探讨性改造中较为成功的一例。它不仅提高了当地传统食品——鱼面的品质，促进了传统食品的生产，也说明我国食品行业有相当一部分商业机会是隐藏于传统食品的改造创新中。     

糯小麦配粉对淀粉理化特性和面条品质的影响

研究了5个非糯小麦添加不同比例糯小麦面粉后淀粉糊化特性和面条加工品质的变化。结果表明,糯小麦面粉淀粉-碘吸收曲线与普通小麦显著不同,但与普通小麦支链淀粉-碘吸收曲线相近。糯小麦面粉淀粉理化特性与非糯小麦显著不同:直链淀粉含量较低,淀粉开始糊化早,最终粘度非常低,反弹值小,回生慢。普通小麦添加糯小麦面粉后,直链淀粉含量显著降低,但峰值粘度等指标并没有相应升高,面条品质也没有显著改善。不论添加糯麦粉与否,熟面条放置24 h或鲜面条放置72 h后其评分均显著下降,但添加糯麦粉后下降幅度减小,糯小麦加工的面条评分下降幅度更小,说明糯小麦面粉可以在一定程度上延长鲜湿面条的货架寿命。     

小麦籽粒蛋白质组分及其与面条品质的关系

 采用新的蛋白质组分分离方法,对黄淮部分冬麦区25个小麦品种籽粒的单体蛋白含量、可溶性谷蛋白含量、不溶性谷蛋白含量进行了分析,同时对各蛋白质组分与其它蛋白质指标、面条品质的关系进行了研究。结果发现,黄淮冬麦区小麦的平均单体蛋白、可溶性谷蛋白和不溶性谷蛋白的比例为3.7∶1.0∶1.8;与有关文献比较,分析样品的单体蛋白含量偏低,可溶性谷蛋白含量偏高,不溶性谷蛋白含量较低,这可能就是面包小麦和面条小麦在蛋白质组成上的本质区别。单体蛋白对于面条拉伸特性作用小于谷蛋白。可溶性谷蛋白含量、不溶性谷蛋白含量与其它蛋白质