李杏混栽园食心虫种类及其种群动态调查

以辽宁省果树科学研究所李杏资源圃为研究对象,利用4种食心虫的性诱剂,诱捕调查圃内食心虫发生种类及其种群消长动态。结果表明,李杏资源圃食心虫发生种类有梨小食心虫、李小食心虫、桃小食心虫和桃蛀螟4种,优势种群为梨小食心虫和李小食心虫。梨小食心虫后期蛾量高峰与低谷难以准确界定,世代重叠现象严重;李小食心虫一年有3个发生高峰期;桃小食心虫一年有2个发生高峰期。桃蛀螟全年只诱到3头成虫,可以忽略不计。     

南京市蛾类区系种类组成的变化及分析

通过1980~1982年和2004~2006年2次普查结果,编制出了"南京市区蛾类名录"。在对这2次采获的蛾类种类及若干主要种进行比较发现,南京市区在20 a间,其区系种类组成及若干重要经济虫种的发生、发展情况,都发生了显著变化。该文还就发生显著变化的原因进行了深入地分析。     

生根阶段组培微环境变化对蝴蝶兰组培苗驯化的影响

在生根阶段对蝴蝶兰组培苗进行不同蔗糖、CQ浓度和光照处理后，影响蝴蝶兰组培苗的驯化过程的植株生长和光合生理。研究表明，提高组培环境中CQ浓度有效改善组培苗的光合能力利于组培苗的移栽适应性。     

川保V号粉剂防治蜀柏毒蛾药效试验及应用

川保V号粉剂是新研制的化学药剂,药效试验,防治3~4龄幼虫用药15 kg.hm-2,在168 h后虫口减退率达98.9%,林间大面积防治,同等用药量,平均虫口减退率也在90.5%以上,每公顷防治成本68元左右。川保V号防治蜀柏毒蛾效果良好,在蜀柏毒蛾高虫口林子内应用很有价值。     

Introduced slugs and indigenous caterpillars as facilitators of carbon and nutrient mineralisation on a sub-Antarctic island

Indigenous soil macroinvertebrates (moth larvae, weevil larvae, earthworms) are cardinal agents of nutrient release from litter on sub-Antarctic Marion Island (47°S, 38°′E). Their populations are threatened through predation by introduced house mice, which do not prey on an introduced slug Deroceras panormitanum. A microcosm study was carried out to explore whether slugs affect rates of carbon and inorganic nutrient mineralisation from plant litter differently to an indigenous caterpillar (larva of a flightless moth Pringelophaga marioni). Caterpillars stimulated N, Ca, Mg and K mineralisation from plant litter two to five times more than slugs did, whereas the two invertebrate types stimulated C and P mineralisation to the same degree. Consequently, ratios of C:N and N:P released from the litter were different for slugs and caterpillars. Such differences might affect peat nutrient quality and ultimately the peat accumulation-decomposition balance, an important driver of ecological succession. This suggests that slugs cannot simply replace caterpillars without consequences for ecosystem structure and functioning on the island.     

高蛋白大豆品种食心虫抗性与相关性状分析简报

以8份吉林省高蛋白大豆品种为材料，对其食心虫抗性及相关性状进行比较分析。结果表明，丰交7607、九农20表现为高抗（受害粒率1．59％～1．64％），吉小粒7号、长农15、九农21表现为抗虫（受害粒率2．14％～2．55％），黑农48表现为感虫（受害粒率7．29％），黑农38、吉育47表现为中抗（受害粒率4．26％-5．22％）。大豆荚熟色越深的品种表现出的抗性越强。蛋白质含量与抗性无显著性相关。     

叶绿素荧光参数快速鉴定蝴蝶兰的生殖生长进程

为研究温度对蝴蝶兰生殖生长的影响,以‘0448’、‘空港盛世’和‘枫叶’3个蝴蝶兰品种为试材,采用叶绿素荧光测量方法和统计学方法,对不同温度处理下蝴蝶兰抽花梗情况进行研究。结果表明:(1)蝴蝶兰花芽分化需要经历春化作用,26/18℃(日/夜)处理可使3个品种在1个月内启动花芽分化,而29/21℃(日/夜)处理的对照组均无抽梗。(2)低温处理导致Fv/Fm降低,Fo增高,叶绿素荧光参数能敏感地反映低温引起植株光合机构变化的情况,可间接地作为快速鉴定蝴蝶兰花芽分化进程的指标,预测蝴蝶兰的抽梗期和花期。     

烟叶蛾虫食诱剂对鳞翅目害虫的防治效果

[目的]评价烟叶蛾虫食诱剂(食物诱集剂)对烟草鳞翅目害虫的田间诱集捕杀效果。[方法]通过在烟草田间设置诱捕箱,并借助添加微量杀虫剂(灭多威),研究了烟叶蛾虫食诱剂"烟叶宝"对烟草田间烟青虫、斜纹夜蛾、甜菜夜蛾3种鳞翅目害虫的诱集捕杀效果。[结果]"烟叶宝"对烟田中烟青虫、斜纹夜蛾、甜菜夜蛾等鳞翅目害虫具有较好的诱集捕杀效果,并在控制3种害虫的种群数量方面起到了良好作用。[结论]使用"烟叶宝"防治烟田鳞翅目害虫具有操作简便、高效、低毒、烟叶未直接吸收、提升烟叶食用安全性等优点,有望进一步开发。     

白蛾周氏啮小蜂从寄主柞蚕蛹体爬出后的习性及林间释放的观察研究

白蛾周氏啮小蜂是寄生于美国白蛾蛹体内的天敌昆虫。为探索该小蜂的林间释放最佳效果,我们对白蛾周氏啮小蜂的出蜂时间、出蜂孔数、出蜂蚕蛹的数量、出蜂后的存活时间、林间释放等内容进行了观察,总结出了在释放白蛾周氏啮小蜂防治美国白蛾的过程中应注意的技术环节。     

Effect of adult nutrition and insect density on the performance of spotted stem borer, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Chilo partellus</Emphasis> in laboratory cultures

The spotted stem borer, Chilo partellus (Swinhoe) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is being successfully reared on artificial diets for screening programmes. Besides quality characteristics of the diet, rearing density and adult nutrition have significant implications on the successful mass multiplication of lepidopterans. The performance of C. partellus moths was assessed on different adult diets (water and sugar solution) and compared with unfed adults. Further, three pairing densities, viz. 2, 5 and 8 pairs/oviposition jar (1177.5 cm³) were compared for their effect on C. partellus longevity and fecundity. In another experiment, different larval densities (100, 150 and 200 neonate larvae/diet jar) were evaluated for their effect on the larval survival. Water-fed moths (both males and females) lived longer (7.32 and 7.26 days, respectively) and showed higher fecundity (307.17 eggs) than the sugar-fed or unfed moths. The latter, however, showed better egg hatchability (76.55%) than the water- or sugar-fed moths (60.45 and 50.59%, respectively). The longevity (5.67 days) and fecundity (258.46 eggs) were significantly greater at pairing density of 2 pairs/jar. The larval survival was higher (58.50%) at rearing density of 100 larvae/jar. The neonate larval release into diet jars was compared with conventional egg release and both modes were no different with respect to larval survival.