A method to test wheat leaves for their reactions to inoculation with Septoria species

The construction and application is described of a polystyrol humidity box in which wheat leaves, while continuing to function as parts of living plants, can be tested for their reactions toSeptoria spp. in an atmosphere nearly saturated with water, as is required for successful infection. The method is simple, accurate ans inexpensive.Samenvatting Voor dit doel is een z.g. vochtdoos geconstrueerd (Fig. 1A). Het te toetsen blad wordt daar doorheen geleid en in de doos geïnoculeerd met een druppel conidiën-suspensie van de schimmel. Onder het blad staat wat water in de doos (Fig. 1B). Na afsluiting ontstaat in de doos de hoge luchtvochtigheid van bijna 100% die nodig is voor de infectie. Dit wordt op deze wijze eenvoudig en goedkoop gerealiseerd. De bladeren die zo worden getoetst blijven onbeschadigd functioneren aan de plant. Na enkele dagen kan de doos worden geopend en kan de symptoom-ontwikkeling worden afgewacht en gevolgd (Fig. 3A, 3B en 4). De methode leent zich voor nauwkeurig werk en vereist zeer weinig infectiemateriaal. De Technische en Fysische Dienst voor de Landbouw (TFDL), Wageningen, ontwierp en construeerde een statief voor het gebruik van de vochtdozen in serie (Fig. 2).     

Polyphenols in Eucalyptus leaves improved the egg and meat qualities and protected against ethanol‐induced oxidative damage in laying hens

Polyphenols in Eucalyptus leaves (PE) were value resources due to various pharmacological activities, but data on the effect on laying hens are very scare. This study was conducted to determine the effect of PE on the laying performance, egg traits, meat quality, antioxidant status and liver tissues of laying hens. One hundred and twenty 256‐day‐old Yueqinhuang laying hens were randomly assigned to four treatment groups (different levels of PE at 0, 0.5, 0.8 and 1.2 g/kg diet) for 63 days with 15 replicates per group. Addition of 0.8 g/kg PE not only improved the egg trait by increasing the eggshell thickness and decreasing MDA production and cholesterol content in the egg yolk, but also significantly enhanced meat quality of hens, as suggested by the increase pH_45 min (p < .01) and a* value, and decrease drip loss rate (p < .01). Meanwhile, under acute ethanol‐induced oxidative damage condition, supplementation of 0.8 g/kg PE enhanced the serum antioxidant status by increasing enzymatic activities (GSH‐PX, T‐SOD, T‐AOC), inhibited oxidative damage and provided protective effect to liver tissue. In conclusion, addition of 0.8 g/kg PE not only improved the egg traits and meat quality without obvious adverse effects, but also increased the serum antioxidant status of the hens and protected their liver tissue from ethanol‐induced oxidative damage. This study indicated that PE could be utilized as an effective feed additive for laying hens to improve health performance and egg traits.     

遮荫弱光对甜瓜产量及光合特性的影响

[目的]研究遮荫弱光对甜瓜光合特性、产量和品质的影响,分析遮荫弱光影响甜瓜的生理机制过程.[方法]以新疆当地3个甜瓜品种为材料,设置适度遮荫、轻度遮荫和不遮荫3个处理,测定光合指标、SPAO值和果实产量与品质,数据运用SPSS 19.0软件分析.[结果]与正常光照相比,遮荫弱光造成甜瓜叶片SPAD值、气孔导度(Gs)、...     

枸杞叶的营养价值及其在畜禽生产中的应用

枸杞叶是茄科枸杞属植物枸杞的茎叶,其营养成分和活性成分种类与枸杞子基本相同,具有较高的营养价值和药用价值.该文综述了枸杞叶的营养价值、活性成分及在畜禽生产中的应用,探讨其提高畜禽生产性能、肉品质及抗病力的机理,以期为枸杞叶在畜禽生产中的研究开发提供理论支持.     

两种基因型玉米苞叶水势比较研究

以郑单958和农大364两个玉米品种为研究材料,对大田条件下玉米苞叶水势的变化规律进行了比较研究,并探讨了苞叶水势和饱和亏缺之间的关系.结果表明:两种基因型玉米苞叶水势日变化趋势基本一致,呈抛物线型;郑单958的苞叶水势日均值和日变幅高于农大364;苞叶水势和相对水分含量均随着玉米生育期推进呈现不断降低的趋势,饱和亏缺变化趋势与之相反;郑单958的苞叶饱和亏缺数值低于农大364,相对水分含量高于后者;苞叶水势和饱和亏缺之间呈线性关系:Y=A BX.郑单958常数项值比农大364大,表明在正常水分条件下郑单958饱和亏缺值较低,相对含水量较高,因此抗旱性强于农大364.     

不同杀菌剂对小麦纹枯病和赤霉病的防治效果

为明确不同杀菌剂对小麦纹枯病、赤霉病的防治效果,在大田条件下以‘开麦21’为试验材料研究了12种杀菌剂对小麦纹枯病、11种杀菌剂对赤霉病的防治效果及对小麦产量的影响。结果表明:30%己唑醇悬浮剂76.5g/hm2、75%肟菌·戊唑醇水分散粒剂168.75g/hm2处理对小麦纹枯病的防效较好,拔节期病指防效(乳熟期枯白穗防效)分别为62.77%(56.21%)和60.58%(53.45%),小麦产量较对照分别增加27.65%和21.30%;48%氰烯·戊唑醇悬浮剂432g/hm2、25%氰烯菌酯悬浮剂750g/hm2处理对小麦赤霉病的防效较好,病指防效(病穗防效)分别为70.78%(56.57%)和68.84%(46.86%),小麦产量较对照分别增加25.44%和24.40%。综合分析,以上药剂可做田间大面积推广应用。     

不同寄主植物叶片对棉铃虫的生物学和营养效应比较

在用棉花、大豆、花生功能叶饲养棉铃虫幼虫的基础上,测定各寄主功能叶的营养成分、木质素和纤维素含量,研究棉铃虫在取食不同寄主叶片后的生物学和营养效应。结果表明：1、取食棉花叶的生物学效应较好,取食花生叶的幼虫成活率下降,取食大豆叶的幼虫体重偏轻;2、取食棉花叶的营养效应较好,大豆叶最次;3、棉铃虫幼虫的食物转化率和食物利用率以棉花叶最高,棉铃虫嗜食棉花叶,在3种作物田同时存在的情况下,棉田被害最重。     

“果畜结合”生态果园调查报告

果畜结合是改善洛川县果园土壤有机质含量低、土壤肥力不足,提高苹果产量和质量有效途径。     

长白山枯落物碳分解动态研究

在长白山地区选取典型植物红松、蒙古栎等枯落物进行室内培养试验,对比各种枯落物冻融处理CO2排放速率和对照处理CO2排放速率,并对培养结束后残留枯落物营养元素含量进行了测定。结果表明:冻融处理下CO2排放速率低于对照处理下CO2排放速率,不同枯落物的冻融处理和对照处理CO2排放速率整体都显示出随着培养时间增加呈下降的趋势,而且冻融处理下不同枯落物种类在培养期间CO2排放速率波动趋势表现出较大差异。冻融处理下的残留枯落物有机碳含量大于对照处理下的残留枯落物有机碳含量。     

芒果叶片生化特性与炭疽病发生的关系

研究了芒果叶片生化特性与炭疽病发生之间的关系。田间自然发病调查和室内人工接种鉴定结果均表明,随着芒果叶片由最初的古铜色向淡绿色和深绿色叶片的逐渐成熟老化,抗病性逐渐增强。对芒果叶片表面蜡质层和叶内可溶性糖、游离氨基酸、总酚含量及细胞膜相对透性的测定结果表明,与淡绿色叶片和老叶相比较,古铜色叶片含有较少的表面蜡质、叶内可溶性糖和总酚含量及较多的游离氨基酸,推断古铜色叶片对病害的易感性可能与其叶面蜡质和叶内总酚含量较少、叶内可溶性糖和游离氨基酸的比值(C/N比)较低有关。