Differential Cl−/Salt Tolerance and NaCl‐Induced Alternations of Tissue and Cellular Ion Fluxes in Glycine max,Glycine soja and their Hybrid Seedlings

The salt‐sensitive Glycine max N23674 cultivar, the salt‐born Glycine soja BB52 population, and their hybrid 4076 strain (F₅) selected for salt tolerance generation by generation were used as the experimental materials in this study. First, the effects of NaCl stress on seed germination, tissue damage, and time‐course ionic absorption and transportation were compared. When qualitatively compared with seed germination appearance in culture dishes, and tissue damages on roots or leaves of seedlings, or quantitatively compared with the relative salt injury rate, the inhibition on N23674 was all the most remarkable. After the exposure of 140 mm NaCl for 1 h, 4 h, 8 h, 12 h, 2 days and 4 days, the content of Cl^? gradually increased in the roots and leaves of seedlings of BB52, 4076 and 23674. Interestingly, the extents of the Cl^? rise in roots of the three experimental soybean materials were BB52 > 4076 > N23674, whereas those in leaves were just on the contrary. Secondly, by using the scanning ion‐selective electrode technique (SIET), fluxes of Na⁺ and Cl^? in roots and protoplasts isolated from roots and leaves were also investigated among the three experimental soybean materials. After 140 mm NaCl stress for 2, 4 and 6 days, and when compared with N23674, slighter net Cl^? influxes were observed in root tissue and protoplasts of roots and leaves of BB52 and 4076 seedlings, especially at the cellular protoplast level. The results indicate that with regard to the ionic effect of NaCl stress, Cl^? was the main determinant salt ion for salt tolerance in G. soja, G. max and their hybrid, and the difference in their Cl^?/salt tolerance is mainly attributed to the capacity of Cl^? restriction to the plant above‐ground parts such as leaves.     

抗白叶枯病籼稻DV_(85)在籼粳交中的遗传表现

抗白叶枯病籼稻品种DV_(85)与粳型广亲和系的亲和性较差。抗性基因在F_2代的分离,经卡平方测验,其抗感分离比显著偏离正常值,为异常分离。相关性分析显示这种异常分离与结实率、穗长、每穗粒数和千粒重无关。本文就籼粳杂交的配组形式和不同生育阶段对抗性基因分离的影响也进行了分析讨论。     

Natural hybridization between wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and its wild relatives Aegilops geniculata Roth and Aegilops triuncialis L.

BACKGROUND

Cultivated bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) spontaneously hybridizes with wild/weedy related Aegilops populations, but little is known about the actual rates at which this hybridization occurs under field conditions. It is very important to provide reliable empirical data on this phenomenon in order to assess the potential crop–wild introgression, especially in the context of conducting risk assessments for the commercialization of genetically modified (GM) wheat, as gene flow from wheat to Aegilops species could transfer into the wild species genes coding for traits such as resistance to herbicides, insects, diseases or environmental stresses.

RESULTS

The spontaneous hybridization rates between wheat and A. geniculata and A. triuncialis, which are very abundant in the Mediterranean area, have been estimated for the first time in the northern part of the Meseta Central, the great central plateau which includes the largest area of wheat cultivation in Spain. Hybridization rates averaged 0.12% and 0.008% for A. geniculata and A. triuncialis, respectively. Hybrids were found in 26% of A. geniculata and 5% of A. triuncialis populations, at rates that can be ≤3.6% for A. geniculata and 0.24% for A. triuncialis.

CONCLUSION

The detection of Aegilops spp.–wheat hybrids in Aegilops populations indicates that gene flow can occur, although wheat is considered a crop with a low-to-medium risk for transgene escape. These data on field hybridization rates are essential for GM wheat risk assessment purposes. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.     

人工合成甘蓝型油菜高频率再生研究初报

资源材料保存在作物遗传资源的研究与利用中起到非常重要的作用。该实验以不同来源的人工合成甘蓝型油菜KH106，KH109，KH111D为材料，以花序轴，子房，果柄为外植体研究其再生情况，结果表明，由芥蓝和小白菜人工合成的甘蓝型油菜KH106的再生频率极显著高于由羽衣甘蓝和白菜型油菜人工合成的甘蓝型油菜KH109和KH111；与花序轴和子房为外植体再生频率相比，以果柄为外植体平均再生频率最高，差异达到极显著水平；利用不同预处理培养基处理不同时间，结果显示不经过预处理直接接种到分化培养基上再生频率最高。     

杂交鹅掌楸胚性细胞悬浮系的建立

通过对影响悬浮培养的一些物理因素如摇床转速、细胞起始密度等的研究,建立了良好的杂交鹅掌楸胚性细胞悬浮系.研究表明,当摇床转速为100 r/min,细胞起始密度为1×103～3×103个/mL时,可建立一个均匀性、分散性较好和细胞增值较快的杂交鹅掌楸胚性细胞悬浮系.悬浮细胞系的继代周期以2～4周为宜.培养效果最好的悬浮物是直径介于150～280 μm的细胞团,其干重占总悬浮物干重的65%.     

普通小麦川农16与圆锥小麦杂交后代分析

对小麦川农16与圆锥小麦地方品种杂交后代进行了分析。结果表明,杂种F_1均含有35条染色体,减数分裂时出现多种配对形式,染色体组成上存在差异。F_1植株株高和小穗数普遍介于双亲之间,穗长表现出了超亲优势,穗粒数不同组合间存在差异,同时F_1正常结实。F_2代表现出较大分离,单株间差异较大,同时育性发生分离。采用优异品种回交可以有效控制远缘杂种后代分离。     

Inheritance pattern of chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes in artificial hybrids of Porphyra yezoensis (Rhodophyta)

ABSTRACT:   To investigate inheritance of chloroplasts and mitochondria (organelles) in the marine red alga Porphyra yezoensis , cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) profiles of the two strains, TU-2 and KGJ, as parental gametophytes and 44 hybrid sporophytes (i.e. female of TU-2 and male of KGJ) were examined. A carbamyl phosphate synthase small subunit gene ( carA ) and ribosomal protein S11 gene ( rps11 )-small subunit ribosomal RNA gene ( rns ) spacer region were used as molecular markers for the chloroplast and mitochondrial DNAs, respectively. Thirty-eight of 44 (86.4%) conchocelis colonies showed maternal banding patterns, five (11.4%) colonies showed biparental bands and one (2.2%) colony showed paternal bands in CAPS analyses both with chloroplast and mitochondrial markers. These results suggest that organelles of P. yezoensis are inherited uniparentally from the female parent.     

玉米杂交组合主要农艺性状与产量的灰色关联度分析

为了探讨玉米杂交组合产量与其他主要农艺性状间关联的主次关系,应用灰色关联度分析法研究13个玉米杂交新组合8个农艺性状对产量的影响及各性状间的相互关系,结果表明与产量的关联度大小依次为单穗粒重>株高>穗位高>穗行数>百粒重>秃尖>生育期>穗长,在育种实践中,应注重对单穗粒重、株高和穗位高的选择,同时结合其余农艺性状的综合表现进行育种,将对产量有一个比较大的提升。     

三角帆蚌、池蝶蚌及杂交F1代养殖效果与育珠性能的比较

使用三角帆蚌、池蝶蚌作为亲本进行自交与杂交,获得了4群体F1。对实施手术无核插片手术后1年、2年、3年的4群体F1的养殖效果与育珠性能进行了比较。结果表明,在各年龄组育珠性能方面,反交F1>池蝶蚌>正交F1>三角帆蚌,且反交F1具有显著杂交优势;正交F1在壳长、成活率方面具有一定杂交优势,其它方面指标均低于池蝶蚌,略高于三角帆蚌。实施插片手术3年的反交F1较同龄的三角帆蚌每只蚌平均产珠重量增加31.96%,大规格珍珠(Φ>8 mm)比例增加2.71倍,成活率提高20.14%;较同龄的池蝶蚌每只蚌平均产珠重量增加14.95%,大规格珍珠(Φ>8 mm)比例增加54.01%,成活率提高10.14%。     

鹅掌楸的两个群体遗传结构的初步研究

本文对位于湖北省恩施州咸丰县坪坝营林场和宜昌市五峰县渔洋关镇的两个鹅掌楸群体进行了调查,利用同工酶分析技术对这两个群体进行了分析评价。讨论了其遗传多样性的高低。咸丰群体的多态位点在99．00%和95．00%水平都为57．10%,相对较高,而五峰群体的值非常低,分别为42．86%和28．57%。两群体的近交系数为-0．027和0．007。