Effect of lipid source and bile salts in diet of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., on astaxanthin blood levels

A study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary lipid and bile acids on astaxanthin absorption in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Fish with an average weight of 1500 g were fitted with a dorsal aorta cannula and fed diets containing herring oil, soybean lecithin, lard, or herring oil supplemented with taurocholic acid (2.5 g/kg diet). Each fish was fed all of the experimental diets in successive order to minimize the effect of individual variation. At a given time following the feeding of each diet, blood was collected and analyzed for astaxanthin. Soybean lecithin significantly lowered the absorption of astaxanthin compared to fish fed herring oil. A 20% (p < 0.12) increase in blood astaxanthin was observed when the fish were fed the diet supplemented with taurocholic acid. Feeding lard significantly increased the blood astaxanthin level compared to the control group. It appears that altering the micellar structure by stimulating micellar (taurocholic acid) or mixed micellar (lecithin) systems did not increase the apparent absorption of astaxanthin. However, increasing the phospholipid level may have actually decreased the absorption possibly by lowering the astaxanthin solubility in the micelles. The increased apparent absorption of astaxanthin with lard is possibly linked to the increased content of 16:0, 18:1n − 9 or 18:2n − 6 fatty acids in this diet, or a reduction in very long chain monoenes (20:1n − 9 and 22:1n − 9). This suggests that the solubility of astaxanthin is higher in diets containing higher levels of 16:0 or 18:1n − 1, or alternatively, that reductions in longer chain monoenes (20:1n − 9 and 22:1n − 9) increase the micellar solubility of this pigment.     

茯苓粉碎分散处理对小儿肺咳颗粒水分散性的影响

[目的]提高小儿肺咳颗粒用药顺应性。[方法]在小儿肺咳颗粒制备过程中,使用经卵磷脂粉碎分散处理的茯苓粉末,采用浊度光度法和Zeta电位等表征茯苓粉末和小儿肺咳颗粒的水分散性。[结果]茯苓粉碎过程中加入1.0%的卵磷脂,相对于未经处理的茯苓粉末,混悬液吸光度变化率减少12.9%,Zeta电位绝对值增大118%;使用经卵磷脂粉碎分散处理的茯苓粉末制备的小儿肺咳颗粒,其混悬液粒径80μm左右,20 s内吸光度变化率5.0%,明显优于原处方小儿肺咳颗粒。[结论]在小儿肺咳颗粒制备过程中,使用经粉碎分散处理的茯苓粉末可较好地提高其用药顺应性。     

Effect of inclusion of cashew globulin (Anacardium occidentale) to a casein diet on lipid parameters in rats

The effect of inclusion of cashew globulin to a casein diet on lipid metabolism was studied in rats fed diets with two levels of cashew globulin meal. Inclusion of cashew globulin to a casein diet produced lower levels of total cholesterol, triacylglycerol and phospholipids in the serum and tissues and lower levels of serum lipoprotein cholesterol. There was decreased cholesterogenesis in the liver as evidenced by decreased activity of HMG CoA reductase and decreased release of lipoproteins into circulation. Rats fed cashew globulin along with casein also showed higher activity of LPL in the heart and adipose tissue and higher activity of LCAT. Increased hepatic diversion of cholesterol to bile acid synthesis and increased excretion of bile acids and sterols were also observed in these groups. Activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and malic enzyme was decreased in rats fed cashew globulin along with casein. This study demonstrates that cashew globulins included in the diet of rats are able to alter lipid metabolism which results in lower levels of lipid parameters in the serum and tissues.     

不同脂肪源填饲对鹅肥肝卵磷脂含量影响及其经济效益分析

本试验采用单因子设计方案,将450只70日龄同批孵化、体重相近、健康的朗德鹅随机分成3组,其中Ⅰ组为对照组,Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组分别为试验组。Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ3组在超饲养饲粮基础上分别添加2%的鹅油、2%豆油和2%玉米油,研究不同脂肪源填饲3周后对朗德鹅肥肝的卵磷脂等含量的影响及其经济效益分析。试验结果:①填饲后,试验组和对照组肥肝中脑磷脂、卵磷脂、不饱和脂肪酸、蛋白质和脂肪含量与填饲前比较差异显著(P<0.05),试验组与对照组比较及组内差异均不显著(P>0.05)。②试验Ⅱ、Ⅲ组与对照Ⅰ组相比,每只鹅分别增收8.8元和7.71元。     

卵磷脂的性质及其应用

综述了卵磷脂的组成和性质,及在医药、化妆品、食品和饲料工业等方面的应用。     

Biochemical response in rats to the addition of curry leaf (Murraya koenigii) and mustard seeds (Brassica juncea) to the diet

Three groups with 12 weanling male albino rats were group fed for 90 days on a standard laboratory rat diet plus 20% coconut oil either without a supplement or with the addition of 10% curry leaf or 10% mustard seeds. Feed was offered at a level of 10% body weight. At the end of the trial, measurements were made on the total serum cholesterol, high density lipoproteins, low density lipoproteins, and very low density lipoproteins fractions, release of lipoproteins into the circulation, lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase activity and lipoprotein lipase activity. Feed intake and mean body weight of the rats on each treatment was not significantly different. Both spices resulted in a reduction in total serum cholesterol and LDL+VLDL, an increase in the HDL, lower release of lipoproteins into the circulation and an increase in the LCAT activity.     

Antioxidant characteristics of phenolipids (quercetin-enriched lecithin) in lipid matrices

A novel phenolipids formulation containing a complex of quercetin and soy lecithin was developed. Antioxidant and antiradical characteristics of native soy lecithin and phenolipids’ formulations (complexes of quercetin and lecithin, 1:99 and 3:97, w/w) in the protection of triolein and sunflower oil (SFO) models stored under accelerated oxidative conditions for 15 day at 60 °C were studied. Progress of oxidation was monitored by recording the ultraviolet absorptivity and measuring the formation of oxidative products (peroxide value). The antiradical action of different lipid matrices against DPPH· and galvinoxyl radicals was screened during Shaal oven test. The factors influencing the oxidative stability (OS) of different models were also discussed. Inverse relationships were noted between peroxide values and oxidative stabilities at termination of the storage. Absorptivity at 232 nm and 270 nm in models containing lecithin increased gradually with the increase in time, due to the formation of conjugated dienes and polyenes. In general, oxidative stabilities of models enriched with phenolipids’ formulations were better than in models containing lecithin or quercetin alone, most likely as a consequence of synergism between polar lipids and quercetin as well as tocopherols. Moreover, increases in concentration of quercetin in phenolipid formulations resulted in an increase in its antioxidative potential. These results will be useful for improving the antioxidative activity, health impact and functionality of polar lipids and phenolic compounds in different food and pharmaceutical applications.     

鱼鳞有效成分提取技术的研究进展

论述了国内外关于鱼鳞有效成分的特性及提取技术的最新研究进展,研究鱼鳞胶原蛋白、羟基磷灰石、卵磷脂、鸟嘌呤等提取工艺过程,并分析不同提取方法,为鱼鳞有效成分提取技术的进一步研究和综合开发技术提供理论依据。     

废弃桑蚕种卵中卵磷脂的提取·鉴定与检测

[目的]为进一步研究桑蚕种卵磷脂的实用化提取工艺提供理论依据。[方法]采用丙酮脱脂和含水乙醇超声辅助提取的方法从废弃桑蚕种卵中提取卵磷脂粗提物,经进一步纯化后进行结构鉴定和含量检测。[结果]经定性鉴定和定量检测可知粗提物中含有34%左右的磷脂酰胆碱。该提取方法简便可行,所用试剂毒性低,价廉且易获得。[结论]从废弃的桑蚕种中提取到具有较高利用价值的卵磷脂,为废弃蚕种卵资源的再利用开辟了一条途径。     

卵磷脂对泌乳母猪育仔性能和乳成分的影响研究

[目的]探讨卵磷脂在哺乳母猪上的应用效果。[方法]设4个处理组,Ⅰ组喂基础日粮,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组在基础日粮中分别添加4%豆油、4%卵磷脂、4%卵磷脂+4%豆油,研究卵磷脂对泌乳母猪育仔性能和乳成分的影响。[结果]各添加组均显著提高了20日龄2、8日龄仔猪窝重和20日龄母猪泌乳量(P<0.05),混合添加组的作用极显著(P<0.01)。豆油和卵磷脂的同时添加显著降低了泌乳期的母猪失重、母猪耗料,缩短了母猪断奶后至发情间隔(P<0.05)。各添加组显著提高了乳脂肪含量(P<0.05),Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组分别比Ⅰ组提高了30.49%2、6.52%、22.16%。各添加组均降低了仔猪死亡率。[结论]4%卵磷脂+4%豆油提高泌乳母猪育仔性能的效果好,同时增加了乳脂肪含量。