腐植酸与氮肥互作对烤烟生长和氮素吸收的影响

采用盆栽试验,研究了腐植酸的三个水平(H1:0 mg kg~(-1)、H2:300 mg kg~(-1)、H3:900 mg kg~(-1))与氮肥三个水平(N1:0mg kg~(-1)、N2:40 mg kg~(-1)、N3:120 mg kg~(-1))互作对烤烟品种中烟100生长和氮素吸收的影响。结果表明,腐植酸与氮肥互作对烤烟干物质和氮素积累的影响达到极显著水平(P0.01)。其中腐植酸用量H2、H3与氮肥N2、N3互作时,与H1N1(CK,不施肥)相比,H2N2、H2N3、H3N2、H3N3处理的烤烟干物质积累量分别提高了97.6%、89.7%、77.7%和114.4%,氮素积累量提高了1.7、1.2、1.1和2.0倍;H3(900 mg kg~(-1))与N3(120 mg kg~(-1))二者互作效果较好。     

腐殖酸对池塘底泥中铅、镉的离子形态分布及其活性的影响

本文探讨了腐殖酸对池塘底泥中铅、镉的离子形态分布及其活性的影响。结果表明,富里酸(FA)能使底泥中铅、镉的碳酸盐结合态、铁锰氧化物结合态和残渣态的含量下降,而有机结合态和可溶态的含量升高,但是胡敏酸(HA)则使其它各形态均向有机结合态转化。随着FA浓度的提高底泥中铅、镉的可溶态含量也呈增高的趋势,但是HA的作用与此相反,这就表明FA能活化底泥中的铅、镉,而HA则起到了钝化作用,且它们的作用随着浓度的增大而增大。另外,无论是FA还是HA它们对底泥中铅、镉的离子形态分布及其活性的影响均表现出对铅的作用大于对镉的作用。     

土壤中水溶性有机质的结构特征及其与富里酸、胡敏酸的比较

采用元素分析、1HNMR和FTIR研究了黄泥土中水溶性有机质组成及结构特征,并与富里酸、胡敏酸进行比较。结果表明:胡敏酸含有大量的芳香族不饱和物质,烷基链烃多,支链长;富里酸以含有大量的羧基为主要结构特征;水溶性有机质主要由碳水化合物组成,含有大量的羟基,芳香族不饱和物质少。     

尿素氮形态转化对腐殖酸的响应

通过模拟试验研究了不同用量腐殖酸对土壤中尿素氮形态转化的影响。结果表明,腐殖酸对尿素态氮形态转化的影响受其施用量的制约。与对照相比,低浓度腐殖酸(<15gkg-1)对尿素水解及以后的氮转化过程抑制作用较小,有时甚至促进了尿素水解;高浓度腐殖酸(15gkg-1和20gkg-1)则能明显的抑制尿素水解,延长尿素态氮在土壤中的停留时间,增加铵态氮含量,减少硝态氮的生成及氮素损失量,大大提高尿素利用效率。由此可见,腐殖酸不仅是一种脲酶抑制剂,还是一种硝化抑制剂。     

腐殖酸对烤烟化学成分和经济性状的影响

通过大田试验,研究了腐殖酸对烤烟化学成分和经济性状的影响。结果表明:与不施腐殖酸比较,施用腐殖酸可以显著提高烤烟的钾、磷、铁、锌、中性香味物质含量以及上等烟比例、产量和产值,显著降低烤烟的下等烟比例。不施腐殖酸和施用腐殖酸的烟叶的总氮、烟碱、还原糖、钙、镁、硼、铜、锰的含量以及中等烟比例无显著差异。     

反式脂肪的养生危害探讨

在广泛文献检索的基础上,对反式脂肪的成分、产生途径、危害、使用现状和使用注意事项等进行了综述,为全民养生保健提供参考资料。     

Microscopic examination of the intestinal wall and selected organs of minipigs orally supplemented with humic acids

Humic acids are used to prophylactically treat intestinal diseases in a wide number of species, yet the mechanism of action remains unknown. The general assumption has been that humic acids act locally; however studies using young piglets show orally supplemented humic acids can penetrate the intestinal wall, and thus potentially act systemically. The objective of this study was to determine if humic acids could also cross the intestinal barrier in adult pigs and be detected in other organs. Adult minipigs (>18 months old) orally received either 1 g humic acids/kg body weight (verum, n = 3) or placebo (control, n = 3), for 2 weeks. At the end of the feeding period tissue samples were harvested from the intestine, various glands and organs. Unstained tissue samples were examined by light microscopy for the presence of humic acid particles. No humic acid particles were detected in any of the unstained tissues from verum or control pigs.     

浅谈路桥设计构思的一体化

我国已经进入了经济快速发展的崭新时代,随着人们生活水平的提高,人们对城市道路、高速公路和各类桥梁等交通设施的质量提出了更高的要求,其主要体现在行车的舒适度与安全度的更高期望。同时道路与桥梁设计在交通设施中占据着十分重要的地位。本文先后介绍了路桥设计的一体化、山区路桥建设以及路桥建设的一些注意事项,希望对未来的交通道路建设具有一定的借鉴意义。     

火龙果的人工辅助授粉技术

人工辅助授粉是火龙果栽培的重点和难点技术之一,是取得优质丰产的基础。该文探讨了人工辅助授粉的时间、方法和注意事项,具有很强的实用性、针对性、可操作性,便于果农正确掌握,对火龙果棚室栽培技术的推广应用具有积极的指导作用。     

Alkali-extractable soil organic matter: An important factor affecting the mycelial growth of ectomycorrhizal fungi

Significant effects of two fractions of alkali-extractable soil organic matter (AEOM) extracted from three different soils (agricultural soil, soil from deciduous forest, soil from spruce monoculture) on mycelial growth of 17 isolates of ectomycorrhizal fungi were observed. Growth of Lactarius deterrimus, Meliniomyces bicolor and one of the isolates of Leccinum aurantiacum was significantly stimulated by acid-insoluble fraction extracted from all three soils. The stimulatory effects were frequent but inhibition of mycelial growth of some isolates was also observed. The fungal response to the presence of the organic extract in the nutrient medium was isolate-specific rather than species-specific. Organic matter extracted from different source soils affected differently the mycelial growth, the largest number of stimulatory effects being observed in an experiment where the extract was richest in trace elements Zn and Cu. At the same time, the observed stimulatory effects were not attributable to increased concentrations of trace elements in the nutrient medium. The results indicate that soil may be used as a source of extractable organic fractions which, when used as a cultivation medium additive, may significantly improve the growth of responsive fungal isolates. Under natural conditions, AEOM (traditionally designated humic substances) represent a potential factor affecting the composition of cenosis of ectomycorrhizal fungi in soil.