基于希尔伯特-黄变换与小波变换的无定河径流变化周期对比分析

【目的】对基于希尔伯特-黄变换(Hilbert-Huang transform,HHT)与小波变换的径流周期分析方法进行比较,为选择适合研究流域的径流变化周期判定方法提供参考。【方法】采用HHT与小波变换,对无定河流域干流上的代表水文站白家川站1956-2009年天然径流资料进行分析,探讨2种方法在分析无定河流域年径流变化周期上的差异性。【结果】无定河天然径流演化模式由4个本征模态函数和1个零均值趋势项组成,通过分析各个固有模态函数(Intrinsic Mode Function)分量,由希尔伯特谱及经验分解图可以看出,不同尺度径流波动对径流演变的作用为,随尺度增大,径流平均周期由短变长,由年际变化转为代际变化。无定河流域天然径流演化存在3,7,12和21～22年的近似周期。通过小波系数实虚部及模、模方等值线图,判定其径流丰枯变化及主要周期中心为7,25,40和53年。【结论】基于HHT与小波变换的径流周期分析方法的计算结果基本吻合,但小波分析只能分析出近似周期,而HHT分析还可发现年内变化和年际变化在周期变化中占主导作用,表明HHT方法更为优越。     

The Filtering Character of Hilbert-Huang Transform and Its Application

Hilbert-Huang transform(HHT) is a new two-step time-frequency analytic method to analyze the nonlinear and non-stationary signal. The key step of this method is empirical mode decomposition(EMD) method with which any complicated data set can be decompose into a finite and often small number of intrinsic mode functions(IMF). Using Hilbert transform to those IMF components can yield instantaneous frequency, the final presentation of this results is a energy frequency-time distribution, designated as the Hilbert spectrum. Examples from the numerical results of signal de-noising are given to demonstrate the power of this new method, those results can clarity the advance and efficient of this method.     

一种适用于非平稳、非线性振动信号分析方法研究

Hilbert-Huang变换(HHT)被认为近年来信号分析领域的一大突破。适用于非平稳、非线性信号分析。从往复机械上得到的振动信号往往具有非平稳、非线性特征,因此采用HHT方法分析是一种较佳的选择。然而,该方法提出不久,并不能用一个解析公式表示,影响了对其理论分析及性能评价。建立一多分量仿真信号,并应用HHT、傅里叶变换、小波变换、时频分布对其分析比较,证明它具有较高的分解效率及准确地刻画信号的能力,并由此发展了能消除多分量信号交叉干扰项的时频分析方法。应用HHT对内燃机敲缸信号进行分析,有效地提取故障的特征信息,为往复机械的状态监测及故障诊断提供了一条有效途径。     

立式混流泵异常振动测试分析

针对某泵站立式混流泵机组异常振动现象,采用低频振动传感器和电涡流传感器,分别测试开机过程和正常运行时水泵机组下机架、泵盖、外筒体振动以及主轴摆度.基于希尔伯特-黄变换进行试验数据处理,获得了测试信号位移峰峰值,通过提取稳定运行时的振动信号特征向量,对故障类型进行识别;在此基础上,通过分析开机过程信号时频变化情况,寻找诱发机组异常振动的故障原因.现场振动测试分析结果表明:稳定运行时机组振动频率主要集中在转频附近,且主轴轴心轨迹成椭圆形,可诊断其故障类型属于转子不平衡;在开机过程中,主轴的轴心轨迹紊乱,开机瞬间机组的振动值为正常运行时振动值的473倍,据此可判断出在此刻机组内部产生了强大的冲击力,进而引起转子不平衡运转.采用希尔伯特-黄变换法能够准确获取水泵振动信号的时频特征,尤其对分析处理高度非线性的被测信号具有很强的优势,而开展开机过程中的振动测试研究,也为水泵故障诊断分析方法开辟了一条新途径.     

基于声波信号的HHT和Multi-PCA无损检测鸡蛋蛋壳裂纹

采用自行搭建的声波信号响应装置对实验中裂纹鸡蛋样本的蛋壳裂纹随机分布进行无损检测。利用端点检测等方法对声波信号(采集点在鸡蛋赤道部位)进行预处理,然后采用Hilbert Huang变换(HilbertHuang transform,HHT)和多重主成分分析(Multi-PCA)对预处理之后的声波信号进行分析,分别提取声波信号在时域和频域上的主要特征参数,用于鸡蛋蛋壳裂纹的分类检测。结果表明,当鸡蛋蛋壳裂纹大小和位置均随机分布时,由HHT和Multi-PCA提取的特征参量经由支持向量机(support vector machine,SVM)模型和人工神经网络(artificial neural network,ANN)模型均可达到较高识别率。在SVM模型中,采用径向基核函数的效果最好,检测精度高达90%;在ANN模型中,整体回归系数可达0.924 76,检测精度为86.70%。     

Virtual Signal Analyzer Based on Hilbert-Huang Transform

Hilbert-Huang transform(HHT) is a new method for signal analysis developed by Norden.E.Huang et al in 1998.The concepts for main contents,Empirical mode decomposition,Hilbert spectrum and marginal spectrum of Hilbert-Huang transform(HHT) are introduced.Based on the characteristics of VI's development and application,combining software and hardware,the designed method,which includes hardware,software and panel for the Virtual Signal Analyzer Based on Hilbert-Huang Transform are introduced.Based on the HHT,combined with virtual instrument technology,a Virtual Signal Analyzer is developed successfully.It has provided a new method for signal test and analysis.     

Simulation of nonstationary stochastic earthquake ground motion based on orthogonal Hilbert spectrum

A new method is proposed for the simulation of nonstationary stochastic earthquake ground motion based on orthogonal Hilbert-Huang transform (OHHT) spectra of its sample observations. Orthogonal EMD method is introduced to treat with IMF. OHHT avoids leakage of energy compared with conventional HHT, and it can be used for analysis of nonstationary signal. The average of the Hilbert spectra over the samples is defined as the Hilbert spectrum of the earthquake motion process and used as the target in the simulation of the process. Random Phase is also introduced to simulate nonstationary earthquake. The statistic characteristics function of stochastic process is given in the paper. Simulations of two earthquake ground motion are carried out. The results show that the samples can accurately reflect amplitude and frequency nonstationary of records. Samples and record of same earthquake ground motion process have same statistic characteristics.     

基于Hilbert-Huang变换的生物触电电流检测模型

为了检测触电时刻剩余电流中生物体触电支路电流信号的难题,应用Hilbert-Huang变换方法,确定了生物触电时剩余电流的固有模态函数中相关系数最大的IMF分量的局部幅值达34.02 m A,且与原信号相关性系数达到0.99,同时剩余电流与触电电流暂态过程频谱特性具有相似变化规律。以此为基础,应用生物电流信号高频IMF分量幅值的突变特征,作为触电故障时刻确定判据,建立生物触电故障时刻判定方法,实际数据的仿真处理正确率为94.17%;筛选剩余电流分解的相关性较高的有限个数的低频固有模态IMF分量,应用逐步多元线性回归方法,提出基于剩余电流固有模态分量的生物触电支路电流幅值检测方法,仿真试验结果的平均相对误差值5.46%,具有良好的适应性和实用性,为研发基于生物体触电电流而动作的剩余电流保护装置提供参考。     

基于分形维数和HHT的蚜虫刺吸电位波形机器识别

昆虫刺吸电位(electricalpenetrationgraph,EPG)技术在研究刺吸式昆虫取食行为、昆虫与植物的关系、昆虫传毒机制、作物抗虫机制等方面得到了广泛的应用,然而EPG信号的识别和分析一直是靠人工进行,亟需波形自动识别系统以提高分析效率。刺吸式昆虫取食植物时,产生的EPG波形跟昆虫和植物的种类有关,不同类别的刺吸式昆虫EPG波形差别很大,即使是同种类型的EPG波形其幅值和频率间也会有差异,这给EPG波形的机器识别带来了困难。该文以蚜虫的EPG信号为研究对象,对np波、pd波、E1波、E2波、G波、C波和F波的特征提取和分类识别进行了研究,提出了一种基于分形维数、希尔伯特-黄变换(hilbert-huang transform,HHT)和决策树的EPG波形识别方法。首先对EPG仪器采集得到的信号进行去噪预处理,分别提取分形维数和HHT共10维特征,组成不同维数的特征向量进入决策树分类器进行对比试验。试验结果表明,可采用分形盒维数、Hurst指数、前2层的谱质心和加权频率融合的6维特征向量获得较高的识别率。在EPG波形的机器识别中采用6维特征向量输入的决策树进行分类,通过对4组不同样本进行测试,得到了92.14%、89.29%、95%和89.29%的识别率,平均识别率为91.43%。研究结果表明该文提出的基于分形维数和HHT的特征提取方法以及构建的决策树分类器具有一定的可行性,可为研发EPG信号自动识别分析系统提供理论参考。     

Hilbert-Huang transform and denoising for partial discharge ultrsonic singals of large motor

Empirical mode decomposition (EMD) algorithm is introduded as the core of the Hilbert-huang transform (HHT), and implementation process of EMD is analyzed. Then data compression denoising algorithm based on EMD is proposed, simulation and experimental signals are used for verification of the effect of EMD. In the same data sources, the comparison of data compression denoising approaches based on the EMD, db2 wavelet and db8 wavelet are conducted. In addition, physical experiment of the same analysis and comparisons are conducted on a running motor in a Chongqing electrical plant. Simulation and experimental results show that data compression denoising algorithm based on EMD can achieve the same denoising effect, or even better than based on db2 wavelet, db8 wavelet. The former is more perfect than the latter in the real signal processing, and denoising based on EMD is not loss of the original signal energy.