Structure and Expression In planta of Botrytis cinerea Ubiquitin Genes

To identify genes of the necrotrophic pathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea that are expressed during infection of tomato leaves, a differential screening of a genomic library with radioactively labelled cDNA was performed. This resulted in the identification of a B. cinerea gene, denominated Bcubi4, which encodes a precursor protein consisting of four identical head-to-tail repeats of a 76aa ubiquitin unit. Subsequently a gene denominated Bcubi1CEP79, encoding a single ubiquitin unit joined to a Carboxyl Extension Protein of 79 amino acids, was isolated. The expression of the two ubiquitin genes was studied during pathogenesis of B. cinerea on tomato. Bcubi1CEP79, but not Bcubi4, mRNA was transiently induced at 16h after inoculation. The increased expression of the Bcubi1CEP79 gene at this stage of pathogenesis might be required for enhanced ribosomal biogenesis.     

Malabaricane and Isomalabaricane Triterpenoids,Including Their Glycoconjugated Forms

In this review, we discuss structural diversity, taxonomic distribution, biological activities, biogenesis, and synthesis of a rare group of terpenoids, the so-called malabaricane and isomalabaricane triterpenoids, as well as some compounds derived from them. Representatives of these groups were found in some higher and lower terrestrial plants, as well as in some fungi, and in a relatively small group of marine sponges. The skeletal systems of malabaricanes and isomalabaricanes are similar to each other, but differ principally in the stereochemistry of their tricyclic core fragments, consisting of two six-membered and one five-membered rings. Evolution of these triterpenoids provides variety of rearranged, oxidized, and glycoconjugated products. These natural compounds have attracted a lot of attention for their biosynthetic origin and biological activity, especially for their extremely high cytotoxicity against tumor cells as well as promising neuroprotective properties in nanomolar concentrations.     

Dietary Fucoxanthin Increases Metabolic Rate and Upregulated mRNA Expressions of the PGC-1alpha Network,Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Fusion Genes in White Adipose Tissues of Mice

The mechanism for how fucoxanthin (FX) suppressed adipose accumulation is unclear. We aim to investigate the effects of FX on metabolic rate and expressions of genes related to thermogenesis, mitochondria biogenesis and homeostasis. Using a 2 × 2 factorial design, four groups of mice were respectively fed a high sucrose (50% sucrose) or a high-fat diet (23% butter + 7% soybean oil) supplemented with or without 0.2% FX. FX significantly increased oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production and reduced white adipose tissue (WAT) mass. The mRNA expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), cell death-inducing DFFA-like effecter a (CIDEA), PPARα, PPARγ, estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα), β3-adrenergic receptor (β3-AR) and deiodinase 2 (Dio2) were significantly upregulated in inguinal WAT (iWAT) and epididymal WAT (eWAT) by FX. Mitochondrial biogenic genes, nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1) and NRF2, were increased in eWAT by FX. Noticeably, FX upregulated genes of mitochondrial fusion, mitofusin 1 (Mfn1), Mfn2 and optic atrophy 1 (OPA1), but not mitochondrial fission, Fission 1, in both iWAT and eWAT. In conclusion, dietary FX enhanced the metabolic rate and lowered adipose mass irrespective of the diet. These were associated with upregulated genes of the PGC-1α network and mitochondrial fusion in eWAT and iWAT.     

西农萨能羊47kD尾部相互作用蛋白基因(TIP47)的cDNA克隆、序列结构分析与组织表达

47kD尾部相互作用蛋白基因(tail-interacting protein47,TIP47)是影响脂滴形成和代谢的重要基因。本实验以西农萨能羊(Capra hircus)的乳腺组织为研究材料,采用RT-PCR和RACE,克隆了山羊TIP47基因的cDNA全长序列。结果得到TIP47基因cDNA序列全长1906bp(GenBank收录号为:HQ846827),包括5'UTR82bp,完整编码区1314bp及3'UTR510bp,编码蛋白质的氨基酸数为437,分子量47.36kD,等电点(pI)5.14。对TIP47基因的核苷酸和氨基酸序列分析发现,山羊的TIP47与GenBank中牛(Bos taurus)、人(Homo sapiens)、小鼠(Mus musculus)和猪(Sus scrofa)的TIP47相似性较高。蛋白质结构分析显示,TIP47不存在信号肽序列和跨膜结构;疏水性分析发现,其N端疏水性较强,中间靠近C端部分亲水性较强;三级结构分析发现,其C端呈大写的L形;该基因的遗传距离分析发现,山羊与牛的亲缘关系最近,其次是猪和人。通过RT-qPCR技术对TIP47基因进行了组织表达分析,发现所检测...     

Research progress of mitochondrial biogenesis and cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury

Mitochondria are important intracellular energy supply organelles. As semi-autonomous organelles, the mitochondrial biogenesis, damage and clearance were the dynamic processes, which are dual-regulated by mitochondrial genes and nuclear genes, and maintain mitochondrial homeostasis according to the needs of the cells for energy. Recent studies provide evidence that the disorder of mitochondrial biogenesis in the neurons participates in the pathological process after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion, resulting in metabolic disturbance and cell apoptosis. This paper reviews the research progress of mitochondrion and cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.     

2种共轭亚油酸异构体对小鼠肌内脂肪沉积和肌肉线粒体代谢的影响

试验旨在研究不同共轭亚油酸异构体对小鼠肌内脂肪沉积和肌肉线粒体代谢的影响.将成长到5周龄的雄性小鼠按体重分成3组(每组8只),适应1周后分别饲喂不添加、添加2％的顺9反11共轭亚油酸(c9,t11-CLA)和添加2％的反10顺12共轭亚油酸(t10,c12-CLA)的日粮,正试期1个月,监测其体重和体组成的变化,饲养试...     

气相色谱法测定萝卜中的MTBGSL

应用气相色谱法测定萝卜中的ＭＴＢＧＳＬ（４甲硫基３丁烯基芥子油葡糖苷）含量。利用萝卜内部的芥子酶，使ＭＴＢＧＳＬ水解脱去葡萄糖，测定水解生成的ＭＴＢＩＴＣ（４甲硫基３丁烯基芥子油），然后通过化学反应式计算得到ＭＴＢＧＳＬ的含量。粉碎的萝卜中添加黑芥子苷，回收率为９２．１％±２．１％（＼％±ＳＤ＼％）。应用该法测定的结果，萝卜皮部ＭＴＢＧＳＬ的含量高于肉质部，肉质部又以尾部含量最高，中部次之，头部最低。